The following balanced habitat contains grasses, wildebeests, lions and bacteria. What would happen if lions were removed?

1. The number of bacteria would remain the same.
2. The number of wildebeest would decrease.
3. The amount of grasses would decrease.
4. The amount of grasses would increase.
5. The number of wildebeests would increase.

The interaction between two species in which both organisms benefit is known as

1. ectoparasite 
2. parasitism 
3. commensalisms 
4. mutualism 
5. endoparasite.         

Study the following sequence of organisms: Grass ? Rabbit ? Wolves ? Fleas

The sequence is an example of

1.  food web
2.  ecosystem
3.  a pyramid
4.  food chain
5.  abiotic

One of the characteristics used to identify producers in the ecosystem is

1.  feeding on ready-made food
2.  growing in fertile soil
3.  feeding on other organisms
4.  making their own food
5.  adding organic matter in the soil

Which organisms feed on primary consumers?

1. Lion, Hyena and Leopard
2. Leopard, Buffalo and Giraffe
3. Hyena, Zebra and Wildebeest
4. Zebra, Wildebeest and Buffalo

The feeding relationship represented by the sequences of organisms "Green Plants --> Grasshoper --> Frog"  is called:

1. Food web
2. Interaction
3.   Food chain
4. Pyramid

Mutual interaction between two species is described by which of the following characteristic

1.  Both live as parasite
2.  Both may be harmed
3.  Both benefit and flourish
4.  One is harmed and the other benefits
5.  Both neither benefits for is harmed

The feeding relationship represented by the sequences of organisms "Green  is called:

1. Food web
2. Interaction
3.   Food chain
4. Pyramid

  A place where organisms are found is known as:

1. society
2.  community
3. habitat 
4.  niche

In the food chain: Grass  Lion. A lion is:

1. a primary consumer.   
2. a secondary consumer.
3. a producer. 
4. a tertiary consumer. 
5. a decomposer.

A term which describes organisms with similar nutritional habits is known as:

1. community 
2.  trophic level
3. food chain 
4. food web

A group of interdependent organisms living in an environment is called:

1. community
2. ecology
3. ecosystem
4. population

10. (a) Give the meaning of the following Biological terms as used in the ecosystem:

1. Biotic components

2. Abiotic components

3. Food chain

4. Food web.

(b) Construct a feeding relationship which accommodates the following organisms:

Grasses, Goat, Sheep, Shrubs and Man.

10. (a) With examples, state the meaning of “abiotic” and “biotic” factors of the environment.

10. (a) With examples, state the meaning of “abiotic” and “biotic” factors of the environment.

(b) (i) Differentiate the terms “food chain” from a “trophic level”.

(ii) Construct a food chain by using organisms named in the following list: Grass, Bacteria, Lions and Zebra.

Suppose you had a study tour visit to Serengeti National park and you find the following organisms; lions, buffalo, wildebeest, hyena, shrubs, grasses and bacteria.

(a)Construct a food web that accommodates all the organisms.

(b)What will happen into the ecosystem if bacteria are eliminated?

5. (a) Briefly explain the following terms:

   1. Trophic level.

   2. Food chain.

   3. Food web.

6. (b)With example, briefly explain how the following interactions of living organism take place.

   1. Predation

   2. Parasitism.

5(a) Describe the following ecological terms:

1. Decomposers

2. Producers

3. Parasites

6. (a) With example, explain the meaning of the following:

1. Renewable natural resource?

2. Non­renewable natural resource?

(b) (i) What is the importance of recycling of the resources?

(ii) Name the carbon cycle processes which are likely to affect the oxygen concentration in the atmosphere.

8. Figure 1 is a diagram of a plant root. Study the diagram and answer the questions that follow.

(i) Name a group of plant represented by the diagram in Figure 1.

(ii) Give any two examples of plants which can be found in a group of plants mentioned in (a)(i)?

(iii) Name the organisms which inhabit the swellings on the root.

(iv) What is the relationship existing between the plant and the organism mentioned in (a)(iii)?

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   Name the bacteria which does the following:

   1. Changes nitrates into nitrites;

   2. Converts ammonia into nitrites;

   3. Change nitrites into nitrates.

(vi) In ecosystem, herbivores feed on primary consumers……………….

4. Complete each of the following statements by writing the correct answer in the space provided.

(i)     The linear flow of energy and nutrient in the ecosystem is known as………………..

(ii)  The living component of an environment is known as…………….

(iii) Organisms which rely on other organisms for food in the ecosystem are called……………

(iv) A group of interdependent organisms living in an environment is called………………

(v)   The environment and all its interacting components are called………

6. Define the following terms used in the study of Balance of nature.

(i)Biotic component

(ii)Abiotic component

(b) Give two examples of each of the following group of organism in trophic levels:

1. Producers
2. Primary Consumers
3. Decomposers

6.Define the following terms:

(i)Parasite

(ii)Host

(iii)Community

(b)Give two examples for each of  the following group ofparasitic organisms:

(i)Endoparasite

(ii)Ectoparasite

6.What is the meaning of the following terms:

(i)Food chain .........................„.............. 

(ii)Trophic levels ..........................„..... ... .. .

(b)    Construct a food chain using the following organisms: Sheep, Lion, Maize plant and Bacteria.

(a) Define the terms "food chain" and "food web" as used in Biology.

(b)      Construct a food chain by using the following organisms:

Grasses, Snake, Grasshopper, Frog.

(c)  Explain the significance of food chain and food web in the real life situation. (Mention 2)

8.   Define the term "natural environment as used in Biology.

(b) List six components of the food chain and food web.

(c)  (i) Give one example of the biotic component of the environment. (ii) Give one example of abiotic component of the environment.

Match each item in List A with a correct response in List B by writing its letter bellow the number of the corresponding item in the table provided.

6.The diagram below represents the different trophic levels in the ecosystem. Study it and answer the questions that follow.

(a) Mention a trophic level represented by each letter in the diagram. 

(b) Why do the trophic levels form a pyramid shape?

(c) State the role of the organisms in the trophic level represented by the letter E in the diagram.

Briefly explain the following terms and give one example for each.

(a) Competition

(b) Mutualism

(c) Predation

The following statements are either correct or not correct. Write TRUE if the statement is correct of FALSE if the statement is not correct.

(i)A group ofinterdependent organisms living in an environment is called a community . 

(v)Green plants are decomposers .........

(a) What is natural environment?

(b)Explain the importance of the natural environment.

(c)Explain two significances of food chains and food webs in real life situation.

(a) What is a community?

(b)      (i) Distinguish a food chain from a food web.

(ii) Explain the significance of food chains and food webs in real life situation.

(c)      Outline three points of importance of care and support to People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA).