Tongue rollers in genetics is an example of

1.  gametogenesis 
2. continuous variation 
3. swallowing 
4. lubricating food 
5. discontinuous variation.

In the cowshed, a red furred cow mates with a white furred bull. In Ft generation all cows were red furred. What does this suggest about fur colour in cow?

1. Incomplete dominance 
2. Co-dominance 
3. Multiple allelism 
4. Complete dominance 
5. Partial dominance

The offspring of crosses between red flowered and white flowered plants were always found to be pink. This is an example of:

1.  Crossing over
2.  Mutation
3.  Co-dominance
4.  Incomplete dominance
5.  Natural selection

In natural selection, which types of characteristics are affected?

1. Inherited 
2. Acquired 
3. Survived
4. Dominant 
5. Recessive

 What is variation as applied to genetics?

1. Differences among individuals of the related species.
2. Differences among individuals of the same species.
3. Differences among individuals of different species.
4.  Differences among individuals of unrelated species.
5.  Differences among individuals of the expected species.

The offspring produced by mating the F1 generation is konwn as

1.  F3 generation
2.  F1 products
3.  F2 generation
4.  New generation
5.  Genetic generation.

A heterozygous normal skinned man married a heterozygous normal skinned woman. They gave birth to three normal skinned children and one albino child. The father complained that the albino child was not his. As a biologist use genetic cross to find out whether the albino child belongs to the father or not.

 Why is the study of genetics important in our daily life? Explain by giving four points.    (10 marks)

A newly married couple expects a baby. Using a genetic cross, work out the probability of their first born child being a boy.

Give the meaning of the following terminologies as used in genetics:

(i) Sex linked genes

(ii) Sex determination

(iii) Phenotype.

  Differentiate complete dominance from incomplete dominance.

In a laboratory experiment, tall pea plants were crossed wiht dwarf pea plants. F1 plants    were then selfed to produce F2 generation.

(i) Using appropriate symbols, work out a genetic cross for F 1 generation.   

(ii) Give the phenotypic and genotypic ratio of F1 generation.

Match the phrases in List A with the responses in List B by writing the letter of the correct response from List B beside the item number of List A in the answer booklet provided.

Define the term “gene” and “genetics”.

Give two differences between Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic Acid (RNA).

In the experiment conducted on single factor inheritance, individuals which were male homozygous tall married a female who was homozygous dwarf. The gene for tall was dominant over dwarf. Use the crosses to find out the possibility of the phenotypic results and the ratio in the first filial generation.

Give the meaning of the following:

1. Test cross

2. Back cross

3. Trait

Give the meaning of the following:

1. Continuous and discontinuous variations.

2. Inherited and acquired variations.

Briefly explain how mutation and nutritional factors cause variation among organisms.

The laboratory technician at Mtakuja secondary school performed an experiment with the aim of proving the Mendelian experiment on single factor inheritance for a coat colour in mice. In the experiment, pure-breed (homozygous) black fur mouse (male) was mated with a pure-breed brown fur mouse (female). The gene for black fur colour was dominant over the gene for brown fur colour. Use crosses to show the possibilities of the results in the first filial generation.

Explain the meaning of the following:

1. Gene

2. Recessive

3. Phenotype

Albinism is the hereditary condition where the body lacks melanin pigment in hair, skin and eyes. Briefly explain two problems faced by albinos in their environment and how to overcome those problems.

In an experiment, bean seeds having a smooth seed coat were crossed with beans having wrinkled seed coat. All the seeds obtained in the first filial generation (FD had a smooth seed coat. Use genetic cross to find out the formation of (FD individuals.