GEOGRAPHY FORM THREE: TOPICAL QUESTIONS.

THE STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH

SECTION A:

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS.

1. For each of the following items (i) – (x) choose the correct answer from among the given alternatives and write its letter in the space provided.

1. A river fault is caused by:

1. Tension force

2. Down warping of the earth’s surface

3. Folding

4. Denudation.

(ii) Quarts is a compound element of:

1. Aluminium and granite

1. Reldspar and carbon dioxide

2. Manganese and iron

3. Iron, granite, carbon dioxide.

(iii) The intensity of an earth quake is measured by an instrument called?

1. Epicenter

1. Chronometer

2. Seismograph

3. Ritcher scale.

(iv) The magnitude of the earth quake refers to:

1. Effects produced by the earth quake.

1. Large amplitude waves known as I- waves.

2. Point at which earth shake.

3. Total amount of energy released.

(v) The part of the earth forms continental block is called?

1. Sima

1. Core

2. Mantle

3. Sial

(vi) Reverse fault is mainly caused by?

1. Earth’s movement

1. Tension force

2. An earth quake

3. Compression force.

(vii) When the two forces act away from each other laterally, they are called:

1. Lateral force

1. Orogenic force.

2. Ventical force

3. Tension force.

(viii) A soluble rock with jointed structure resembling as well is called?

1. Granite

1. Limestone

2. Clint.

3. Grike.

(ix) The barysphere of the earth is made up with

1. Silica and magnesia

1. Silica and Alluminium

2. Iron and nickel.

3. Iron and alumina.

(x) The crust is sometimes referred to as:

1. Lithosphere

2. Hydrosphere

3. Troposphere

4. Hydrosphere

SECTION B:

2. Match the items from list A with the correct response in List B by writing a letter of the correct answer.

SECTION C:

3. Write TRUE for a correct statement and FALSE for incorrect statement.

1. Lithosphere consists of sial and sima_______

2. Granite is the igneous rock___________

3. Rocks are valuable to man__________

4. Earth quake is not influenced by natural phenomenon____

5. Geological time scale classify the rocks according to age_________

6. A volcano made of viscous lave is called Aquifer______

7. Earth’s zone which is rich in nickel and iron is called care_______

8. Volcano is one of the magma which reaches the earth’s surface and solidify______

9. The upper most layer of the earth is called mantle__________

SECTION C:

4. Briefly explain five effects of earth quakes

5. Show five importance of rocks to man.

6. Describe the internal part of the earth.

7. Distinguish between volcanism and volcano.

8. (i) Classify rocks according to mode of formation.

(ii) Identify three minerals that are found in igneous rocks.

TOPICAL EXAMINATION

SOIL

SECTION A

1. Multiple choice questions.

 (i) What percentage does organic matter contribute in soil?

1.               45%
2.                5%
3.                25%
4.               30%

(ii) Which of the following does not determine the colour of soil?

1.               Mineral composition
2.                Texture
3.                Parent Rock
4.               Organic matter.

(iii) Total volume of pores or empty spaces between soil particles is termed as;

1.               Soil texture
2.                Soil porosity
3.                Soil structure
4.               Soil profile

(iv) Which is not an importance of soil reaction?

1.               Crop selection
2.                Plant growth
3.                Effects on decomposition of organic matter
4.               None of the above

(v) Process of soil formation is called?

1.               Pedalogy
2.                Pedogenesis
3.                Catenation
4.               Weathering

(vi) Is the process in which mineral are dissolved and transported downward under influence of chetating agent.

1.               Leaching
2.                Eluviations
3.                Illuviation
4.               Humidification

(vii) Is the process of poor drainage condition leading to incomplete decomposition of organic matter?

1.               Podzolisation
2.                Calafication
3.                Salinisation
4.               Gleization

(viii) Is the soil formed under – semi – arid and arid conditions through salinization? 

1.               Halomophic soil
2.                Hydromorphic soil
3.                Calcimorphic soil
4.               Azanal soil

(ix) A type of erosion in which water washes away top layer of soil

1.               Sheet erosion
2.                Rill erosion
3.                Splash
4.               Gulley erosion.

(x) Which of the gases below is acidic?

1.               Sulphur dioxide
2.                Hydrogen
3.                Nitrogen
4.               Carbon monoxide.

2. Match the following items

SECTION B

3.                   Define the term soil
4.                   Describe five component of soil
5.                   What is soil profile? Give the three layers of a soil profile
6.                   What determines the depth of a soil?
7.                   Explain the factors that determines the soil texture
8.                   What is soil PH? Give the importance of soil PH
9.                   Differentiate between leaching and cation exchange
10.              What are factors affecting cation exchange
11.              Explain how the following factors determine soil formation?

i)  Parent rock material

ii) Climate

iii) Living organisms

iv)  Relief

v)  Topography.

12. Give the meaning of the following terms associated with soil;

a)  Humification

b) Chelluviation

c) Salinisation

d) Gleization.

13. What do you understand by the following divisions of interzonal layers?

i)  Hydromorphic soils

ii) Halomorphic soils

iii) Calcimorphic soils

14. Discuss the importance of soil classification.

15. What are factors influencing soil fertility?

16. There are several ways in which soil fertility can be lost. Explain

17. Explain the following types of soil erosion

i)  Splash erosion

ii) Sheet erosion

iii) Rill erosion

iv) Gulley erosion

18. What are the effects of soil pollution?

19. Describe the ways in which we can conserve soil.

TOPICAL QUESTIONS

APPLICATIONS OF STATISTICS

SECTION A

1. Multiple choice questions.

 (i) Data with values such as temperature and age is an example of:-

1.               Individual data
2.                Discrete data
3.                Continuous data
4.               Grouped data

(ii) Data collected by statician himself or herself is an example of:-

1.               Original data
2.                Qualitative data
3.                Raw data
4.               Transformed data

(iii) A type of data obtained by measuring

1.               Parametric data
2.                Non – parametric data
3.                Nominal data
4.               Discrete data

(iv) A type of level of scale that includes ranking;

1.               Normal
2.                Ordinal
3.                Interval
4.               Ratio

(v) The higher the altitude the lower the temperature; this is an example of:-

1.               Variable
2.                Nominal
3.                Independent variable
4.               Dependent variable

(vi) One disadvantage of simple line graph is:-

1.               Difficult to interpret
2.                Has tedious calculation
3.                Record limits of representation of only one item
4.               Difficult to see trends in relationships

(vii) One advantage of multiple line graph is that;-

1.               It is easy to interpret
2.                Enable easy comparison
3.                Does not involve length calculation
4.               All of the above

(viii) A compound bar graph:-

1.               Is easy to interpret
2.                Does not involve tedious calculation
3.                Takes a lot of space
4.               Easy to see individual variable

(ix) Which of these measures of central tendency summarize information?

1.               Mean
2.                Mode
3.                Medium
4.               All

(x) Line joining places with the same value of certain phenomenon on a given map are called?

1.               Dot maps
2.                Shade maps
3.                Isoline maps
4.               Isobar maps

2. Match the following items

SECTION B

3. (a) What do you understand by:-

(i)                Nominal scale

(ii)              Ordinal scale

(iii)            Interval scale

(iv)            Ration scale

     (b) Differentiate parametric and non – parametric data

4. (a) What is statistics?

    (b) State six importance of studying statistics 

5. (a) What is simple line graph?

    (b) Give advantages and disadvantages of using simple line graphs.

6.             Define Statistics.
7.             Explain types of statistics.
8.             Explain importance of studying statistics
9.             Explain the types of statistical data.
10.        Define the term data.
11.        Show the merits and demerits of divergence bar graph?
12.        Find the Mean, Median, Mode and Standard deviation for the following set of numbers:-

7, 21, 2, 17, 3, 13, 7, 4, 9, 7, 9

TOPICAL QUESTIONS

PHOTOGRAPH READING AND INTERPRETATION

SECTION A

1. Multiple choice questions

 (i) A photograph taken on ground level where camera man and object are on same level

1.               Vertical photograph
2.                Level photograph
3.                Oblique photograph
4.               Ground photography

(ii) Which is not a feature of ground photograph?

1.               Scale decreases from front
2.                Far object are well captured
3.                Near object appear clearly
4.               Further objects may be obscured

(iii) A disadvantage of ground photograph is that:

1.               Only used in field sketching
2.                All objects seen are located
3.                Can replace verbal description
4.               Not all objects seen are recorded

(iv) An advantage of ground photograph is that:-

1.               It is clear
2.                All object as seen from photographers view point are recorded.
3.                Useful in field sketching
4.               All of the above

(v) Are taken in inclination angle either from hill looking down or low flying air – craft

1.               Horizontal photograph
2.                Vertical photograph
3.                Oblique photograph
4.               Ground photograph

(vi) This type of photograph includes the horizon.

1.               High oblique
2.                Low oblique
3.                Slanted oblique
4.               Ground photograph

(vii) The best type of photograph to confirm details of land surveying is;

1.               High oblique
2.                Vertical photograph
3.                Ground photograph
4.               Aerial photograph

(viii) In photograph, the area furthest from common is 

1.               Foreground
2.                Back ground
3.                Middle ground
4.               Horizon

(ix) The type of photograph which shows largest area of land is?

1.               Vertical
2.                Low oblique
3.                Oblique
4.               Ground

(x) The best photograph to capture wildebeests in Serengeti ecosystem is?

1.               Horizontal
2.                Oblique
3.                Vertical
4.               Aerial

2. Match the following items

SECTION B

3. (a) What is photograph

    (b) Define photograph interpretation

4. Mention and explain four types of photographs

5. Give six differences between ground vertical and oblique photograph

6. Briefly explain how you can interpret photographs.

TOPICAL QUESTIONS

PHOTOGRAPH READING AND INTERPRETATION

SECTION A

1. Multiple choice questions

 (i) A photograph taken on ground level where camera man and object are on same level

1.               Vertical photograph
2.                Level photograph
3.                Oblique photograph
4.               Ground photography

(ii) Which is not a feature of ground photograph?

1.               Scale decreases from front
2.                Far object are well captured
3.                Near object appear clearly
4.               Further objects may be obscured

(iii) A disadvantage of ground photograph is that:

1.               Only used in field sketching
2.                All objects seen are located
3.                Can replace verbal description
4.               Not all objects seen are recorded

(iv) An advantage of ground photograph is that:-

1.               It is clear
2.                All object as seen from photographers view point are recorded.
3.                Useful in field sketching
4.               All of the above

(v) Are taken in inclination angle either from hill looking down or low flying air – craft

1.               Horizontal photograph
2.                Vertical photograph
3.                Oblique photograph
4.               Ground photograph

(vi) This type of photograph includes the horizon.

1.               High oblique
2.                Low oblique
3.                Slanted oblique
4.               Ground photograph

(vii) The best type of photograph to confirm details of land surveying is;

1.               High oblique
2.                Vertical photograph
3.                Ground photograph
4.               Aerial photograph

(viii) In photograph, the area furthest from common is 

1.               Foreground
2.                Back ground
3.                Middle ground
4.               Horizon

(ix) The type of photograph which shows largest area of land is?

1.               Vertical
2.                Low oblique
3.                Oblique
4.               Ground

(x) The best photograph to capture wildebeests in Serengeti ecosystem is?

1.               Horizontal
2.                Oblique
3.                Vertical
4.               Aerial

2. Match the following items

SECTION B

3. (a) What is photograph

    (b) Define photograph interpretation

4. Mention and explain four types of photographs

5. Give six differences between ground vertical and oblique photograph

6. Briefly explain how you can interpret photographs.

TOPICAL EXAMINATION

EROSION

SECTION A

1. Multiple choice questions.

 (i) Removal of ice embedded in Blocks of rocks is called?

1.               Plucking
2.                Abrasion
3.                Nivation
4.               Cirque.

(ii) Sharp edged rocky ridges separating two cirques are called?

1.               Pyramidal peak
2.                Arêtes
3.                Truncated spurs
4.               Horn

(iii) Which is not a feature produced by glacial erosion on low land?

1.               Rock basin
2.                Glacial moraines
3.                Fluvial
4.               Crags and Tail

(iv) Smooth rounded elongated hills in oval shape are called

1.               Drumlins
2.                Eskers
3.                Erratics
4.               Outwash plains.

(v) Areas of high ground between tributaries are called

1.               River channels
2.                River capture
3.                Interfluves
4.               Confluence

(vi) Wearing away on the bed and banks by Rivers load is termed as:-

1.               Hydraulic action
2.                Abrasion or corrosion
3.                Attrition
4.               Solution.

(vii) Which is not a factor which affect ability of a River to transport?

1.               Depth of River
2.                Volume of water
3.                Gradient and velocity
4.               Nature and amount of load.

(viii) Is a process of River transportation where light and insoluble materials like mudy day and salt are transported downstream.

1.               Saltation
2.                Suspection
3.                Traction
4.               Solution

(ix) A deep narrow steep sided valley that is product of river erosion is called?

1.               Gorge
2.                Canyon
3.                Cataracts
4.               Rapids

(x) Raised river banks which are made of alluvial materials are called?

1.               Deltas
2.                Levees
3.                Braided channel
4.               Eyots.

2. Match the following items

 SECTION B

3.      Describe the two procecess by which a glacier can erode an area.
4.      Write the aid of diagram, describe and explain how the following features are formed?

A) U-shaped valley, b) areta, c) crag and tail d) truncated spurs

5.      Draw a sketch diagram to explain the following; a) types of moraines b) pyramidal peaks
6.      Explain the importance of glacial erosional and depositional features.
7.      Describe the main process involved in glacial erosion
8.      Explain the erosional feature in highland areas.
9.      Describe the factors that influence the development of a drainage system.
10.  Explain the following types of drainage patterns, i) dendritic pattern ii) radial iii) trellis iv) centripetal pattern.
11.  What is accordant drainage system?
12. Discuss the importance of rivers and their features.
13. What are the factors influencing the existence of underground water?
14. Using a diagram, show the zones of underground water.
15. What are the importance of underground water?
16. What are the conditions necessary for formation of Delta?
17. Explain the structure of a river profile.
18. Describe the features formed due to river capture.
19. What are the causes of river rejuvenation?

TOPICAL EXAMINATION

EROSION

SECTION A

1. Multiple choice questions.

 (i) Removal of ice embedded in Blocks of rocks is called?

1.               Plucking
2.                Abrasion
3.                Nivation
4.               Cirque.

(ii) Sharp edged rocky ridges separating two cirques are called?

1.               Pyramidal peak
2.                Arêtes
3.                Truncated spurs
4.               Horn

(iii) Which is not a feature produced by glacial erosion on low land?

1.               Rock basin
2.                Glacial moraines
3.                Fluvial
4.               Crags and Tail

(iv) Smooth rounded elongated hills in oval shape are called

1.               Drumlins
2.                Eskers
3.                Erratics
4.               Outwash plains.

(v) Areas of high ground between tributaries are called

1.               River channels
2.                River capture
3.                Interfluves
4.               Confluence

(vi) Wearing away on the bed and banks by Rivers load is termed as:-

1.               Hydraulic action
2.                Abrasion or corrosion
3.                Attrition
4.               Solution.

(vii) Which is not a factor which affect ability of a River to transport?

1.               Depth of River
2.                Volume of water
3.                Gradient and velocity
4.               Nature and amount of load.

(viii) Is a process of River transportation where light and insoluble materials like mudy day and salt are transported downstream.

1.               Saltation
2.                Suspection
3.                Traction
4.               Solution

(ix) A deep narrow steep sided valley that is product of river erosion is called?

1.               Gorge
2.                Canyon
3.                Cataracts
4.               Rapids

(x) Raised river banks which are made of alluvial materials are called?

1.               Deltas
2.                Levees
3.                Braided channel
4.               Eyots.

2. Match the following items

 SECTION B

3.      Describe the two procecess by which a glacier can erode an area.
4.      Write the aid of diagram, describe and explain how the following features are formed?

A) U-shaped valley, b) areta, c) crag and tail d) truncated spurs

5.      Draw a sketch diagram to explain the following; a) types of moraines b) pyramidal peaks
6.      Explain the importance of glacial erosional and depositional features.
7.      Describe the main process involved in glacial erosion
8.      Explain the erosional feature in highland areas.
9.      Describe the factors that influence the development of a drainage system.
10.  Explain the following types of drainage patterns, i) dendritic pattern ii) radial iii) trellis iv) centripetal pattern.
11.  What is accordant drainage system?
12. Discuss the importance of rivers and their features.
13. What are the factors influencing the existence of underground water?
14. Using a diagram, show the zones of underground water.
15. What are the importance of underground water?
16. What are the conditions necessary for formation of Delta?
17. Explain the structure of a river profile.
18. Describe the features formed due to river capture.
19. What are the causes of river rejuvenation?

TOPICAL EXAMINATION

EROSION

SECTION A

1. Multiple choice questions.

 (i) Removal of ice embedded in Blocks of rocks is called?

1.               Plucking
2.                Abrasion
3.                Nivation
4.               Cirque.

(ii) Sharp edged rocky ridges separating two cirques are called?

1.               Pyramidal peak
2.                Arêtes
3.                Truncated spurs
4.               Horn

(iii) Which is not a feature produced by glacial erosion on low land?

1.               Rock basin
2.                Glacial moraines
3.                Fluvial
4.               Crags and Tail

(iv) Smooth rounded elongated hills in oval shape are called

1.               Drumlins
2.                Eskers
3.                Erratics
4.               Outwash plains.

(v) Areas of high ground between tributaries are called

1.               River channels
2.                River capture
3.                Interfluves
4.               Confluence

(vi) Wearing away on the bed and banks by Rivers load is termed as:-

1.               Hydraulic action
2.                Abrasion or corrosion
3.                Attrition
4.               Solution.

(vii) Which is not a factor which affect ability of a River to transport?

1.               Depth of River
2.                Volume of water
3.                Gradient and velocity
4.               Nature and amount of load.

(viii) Is a process of River transportation where light and insoluble materials like mudy day and salt are transported downstream.

1.               Saltation
2.                Suspection
3.                Traction
4.               Solution

(ix) A deep narrow steep sided valley that is product of river erosion is called?

1.               Gorge
2.                Canyon
3.                Cataracts
4.               Rapids

(x) Raised river banks which are made of alluvial materials are called?

1.               Deltas
2.                Levees
3.                Braided channel
4.               Eyots.

2. Match the following items

 SECTION B

3.      Describe the two procecess by which a glacier can erode an area.
4.      Write the aid of diagram, describe and explain how the following features are formed?

A) U-shaped valley, b) areta, c) crag and tail d) truncated spurs

5.      Draw a sketch diagram to explain the following; a) types of moraines b) pyramidal peaks
6.      Explain the importance of glacial erosional and depositional features.
7.      Describe the main process involved in glacial erosion
8.      Explain the erosional feature in highland areas.
9.      Describe the factors that influence the development of a drainage system.
10.  Explain the following types of drainage patterns, i) dendritic pattern ii) radial iii) trellis iv) centripetal pattern.
11.  What is accordant drainage system?
12. Discuss the importance of rivers and their features.
13. What are the factors influencing the existence of underground water?
14. Using a diagram, show the zones of underground water.
15. What are the importance of underground water?
16. What are the conditions necessary for formation of Delta?
17. Explain the structure of a river profile.
18. Describe the features formed due to river capture.
19. What are the causes of river rejuvenation?

TOPICAL EXAMINATION

INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL FORCES AFFECTING THE EARTH

SECTION A

1. Multiple choice questions

(i) Which of this feature does not result from vertical movement?

1.               Plateaus
2.                Volcanic mountains
3.                Basins
4.               Block Mountains

(ii) An example of inland drainage basin is?

1.               Black sea basin
2.                Lake Victoria basin
3.                Chad basin
4.               Lake Tanganyika basin

(iii) The following are theories of rift – valley formation except:

1.               Tension theory
2.                Tilting theory
3.                Anticlinal arching
4.               Compression theory

(iv) Part of Earth’s surface that bends upwards is called?

1.               Trough
2.                Limb
3.                Synclines
4.               Anticline

(v) Which is not an artificial factor affecting earth movement?

1.               Earth quake
2.                Underground nuclear tests
3.                Extraction of minerals
4.               Creation of large dams

(vi) A well like feature formed when a mass of magma cuts across the bedding plane of existing rock and solidifies in crust is called?

1.               Sill
2.                Lopolith
3.                Dyke
4.               Batholith

(vii) A large saucer – shaped mass of igneous intrusion is called?

1.               Bacolity
2.                Lopolith
3.                Sill
4.               Batholith

(viii) Acid lava cones can be found in the following mountains except?

1.               Mt. Longonot
2.                Mt. Elgon
3.                Mt. Meru
4.               Mt. Oldonyo Lengai

(ix) A feature formed when a mass of very viscous acid magma is forced out of ground in the shape of ridged cylindrical column is called?

1.               Composite volcano
2.                Basalt lava domes
3.                Plug domes
4.               Ash and cinder cones.

(x) A broad shallow depression formed b blowing off of the top of  acrateror by combination of explosions and subsidence of crater is?

1.               Hot spring
2.                Fumaroles
3.                Solfatara
4.               Caldera.

2. Match the following items

SECTION B

3.      Using diagram, explain features resulting from radial and horizontal movement of the earth.
4.      What is the difference in origin and appearance of i) faults and folds ii) plateaus and basins
5.      Describe the causes of earth movement
6.      Explain the economic importance of features produced by earth movement
7.      Discuss the formation of the rift valley by tensional forces, compressional forces and anticlinal force
8.      Discuss the types of faults and folds
9.      Discuss the features formed from vertical movement
10.  State the theories which have been put forward to explain the earth movements.
11.  What do you understand by earth quake and volcanicity?
12. Describe land forms formed by vulcanicity
13. Differentiate between a dyke and a sill
14. Mention the land forms as a result of extrusive activity
15. Give examples of intrusive land forms
16. What is a caldera?
17. Explain briefly how a caldera is formed
18. Define a hot spring and explain briefly how it is formed
19. Differentiate between vulcanicity and volcanicity
20. With an aid of a well labeled diagram, explain the features formed by horizontal movement of the earth.
21. Why do some lave flow quickly while another one flow slow?
22. Give the economic importance of vulcanicity
23. Explain how composite volcanic mountain is formed
24. What is earth quake? Explain the meaning of the following words;epicenter, tremor, and seismograph.
25. Define the term weathering
26. Differentiate the difference between weathering by frost action and temperature change
27. Briefly explain the following process involved in weathering;i) freeze-thaw, solution and exfoliation.
28. Outline three factors that influence the rate of chemical weathering
29. Discuss the significance of weathering.