THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA, PRIME MINISTR'S OFFICE-RALG

FORM THREE SEPTEMBER MID–TERM EXAMINATIONS

012 HISTORY

(For Both Private and School Candidates)

Time: 3:00 Hours Year: 2026

Instructions

1. This paper consists of sections A, B and C with a total of eleven (11) questions.
2. Answer all questions in sections A and B and two (2) questions from section C.
3. Section A carries sixteen (16) marks, section B fifty four (54) marks and section C carries thirty (30) marks.
4. Cellular phones and any unauthorized materials are not allowed in the examination room.
5. Write your Name in Full on every page of your answer booklet(s).

SECTION A (16 Marks)

Answer all questions in this section

1. For each of the items (i) – (x) choose the correct answer from among the given alternatives and write its letter besides the item number in the answer booklet(s) provided.

(i) One of the limitations of the written records as a source of historical information is:

1. Are given by elders
2. Are mostly reliable
3. Can be used by literate people only
4. Serve as stores of variety information
5. Is the reliable source of colonialism information

(ii) A.D in history means:

1. Years before the birth of Christ
2. Years of ancient Greece
3. Years after the birth of the Prophet Mohammad
4. Years after the birth of Christ
5. Days after the great depression

(iii) Which of the following are among the methods used to obtain gold in African societies in the past?

1. Shaft and panning methods 
2. Pottery and ornaments
3. Ornaments and shaft 
4. Planning method and pottery
5. Deposition and solidification

(iv) Which society in Kalahari desert is still practicing the primitive communal mode of production?

1. Dorobo 
2. Mbuti
3. Teso 
4. Khoikhoi
5. Zulu

(v) Anna's grandmother is 90 years old. She regularly narrates to Anna and her friends on many past political events that took place in the society. Which source of historical information does Anna's grandmother use?

1. Archaeology 
2. Historical linguistics
3. Oral traditions 
4. Written records
5. Museums

(vi) During the 1840s, the East African coastal trade was dominated by:

1. Mazrui Arabs 
2. Oman Arabs
3. British traders 
4. German traders
5. Indian traders

(vii) Many of traders from Tanzania especially Kariakoo buy different items from China, India, Arabia. Some of the items brought from these countries are clothes, cars, utensils and ornaments. This contact is believed to be dated back as early as:

1. 250 B.C. 
2. 750 B.C.
3. 200 B.C. 
4. 300 B.C.
5. 850 B.C.

(viii) The English man known as Charles Darwin in his book entitled “the Origin of Species” tried to explain very clearly about the evolution of man. He stated that evolution of man has passed into five stages. Which among the following stages was termed as the stage of the first systematic tool maker man who had a bigger brain than that of Zinjanthropus?

1. Homo habilis 
2. Homo erectus
3. Homo sapiens 
4. Primatese zombisabios
5. Australopithecus africanus

(ix) The abolition of slave trade in the 19th century was followed by:

1. The Berlin conference of 1884-1885
2. The development of legitimate trade
3. The formation of UNO
4. The Great depression of 1923-1929
5. The formation of Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) in 1927

(x) One of the following East African coastal city states was located in the present-day Mozambique, hence directly received gold from Mwenamutapa in 15th century. This is:

1. Lamu 
2. Kilwa
3. Sofala 
4. Zimbabwe
5. Zambezi

2. Match the items in List A with their responses in List B by writing the letter of the correct response besides the item number in the answer booklet(s) provided.

SECTION B (54 Marks)

Answer all questions in this section

3. Briefly answer the following questions:

(a) Why some African societies collaborated with the foreigners? Give three (3) points.

(b) Describe the changes that happened in the late Stone Age which led the lives of man to develop by using three (3) points.

(c) How can you justify that the discovery of iron brought the watershed of the history of human being? Provide three (3) points.

4. Arrange the following statements in a chronological order by writing number 1 to 6 besides the items in the answer booklet(s) provided.

(i) The First World War changed African history in colonization and made Tanganyika to be under British control.

(ii) Arabs were the first foreigners to interact and conducting trading activities for a very long period than other foreigners.

(iii) Germans were authorized to rule Tanganyika after the Berlin conference of 1884 – 1885 headed by Otto Von Bismarck.

(iv) The Portuguese’ need to control East Africa through Indian Ocean in the 15th century made the decline of Arabs rule.

(v) Several challenges faced Portuguese including bad climatic condition and lack of enough fund made the end of Portuguese rule in the 17th century.

(vi) Tanganyika is among the east African countries that have passed on different periods of development from pre-colonial era to the period of colonialism.

5. Draw a sketch map of Africa and the locate the following by using roman numbers:

(i) British East Africa colony where indirect rule policy was more successful.

(ii) A country in East Africa which settler agriculture dominated

(iii) The German colony that resisted direct rule policy in 1905 – 1907.

(iv) A country in which Nama and Herero uprising occurred.

(v) The British country where indirect rule policy was first experiences in Africa.

6. Briefly describe the following historical terminologies:

(i) Colonialism

(ii) Colonial economy

(iii) Indirect rule

(iv) Trans Sahara trade

(v) Berlin conference

(vi) Great Boers Trek

7. Colonialists introduced social services in Africa colonies. State six (6) objectives of providing colonial education.

SECTION C (30 Marks)

Answer two (2) questions in this section

8. “Colonial economy had its own characteristics. Substantiate this statement by using six (6) points.

9. African people during pre – colonial era interacted in all spheres of life to satisfy their daily life. As a history student, which social factors do you thing African interacted? Provide six (6) points.

10. “Migrant laborers were very useful to the capitalist during colonial economy in Africa." Substantiate this statement by using six (6) points.

OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT, REGIONAL ADMINISTRATION AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT

COMPETENCY BASED ASSESMENT

SECONDARY EXAMINATION SERIES

HISTORY MID TERM EXAMINATION – AUG/SEPT 2024

FORM THREE                                                                                               TIME: 3 Hours

INSTRUCTIONS:

1.    This paper consist of sections A, B and C with a total of eleven (11) questions
2.    Answer ALL questions in section A and B, and one (1) questions from section C
3.    Section A carry 15 Marks, section B carry 70 Marks and section C carry 15 Marks
4.    Write your Examination number or name on every page of your answer sheet(s).

SECTION A (16 Marks)

Answer ALL questions in this section

i. A research team discovers fossilized footprints showing upright bipedal movement alongside fossilized animal remains. These footprints are approximately 3.6 million years old. This discovery likely relates to which hominid species?

1.   Homo erectus
2.   Homo sapiens
3.   Australopithecus afarensis
4.  Homo habilis

ii. Trade developed in African societies mainly because_____

1.   There was surplus production
2.   There was good leadership
3.   The presence of trade routes
4.  There was a need for it.

iii. One characteristic of centralized system was 

1.   Clan controlled by Comal of Elders.
2.   Clan paid tribute to monarchy
3.   Small in term of population and geographical distribution.
4.  Political autonomous villages.

iv. When was Fort Jesus Built?

1.   1872
2.   1698
3.   1499
4.  1592

v. Which group of people had a King with Golden Stool?

1.   Shona
2.   Bushmen
3.   Asante
4.  Ndebele

vi.  A feudal system practiced by Tutsi and Hutu is Rwanda and Burundi

1.   Nyarubanja
2.   Umwinyi
3.   Ubugabire
4.  Ntemi.

vii. The following countries used indirect rule:

1.   Nigeria and Kenya
2.   Mali and Burkinafaso
3.   Nigeria and Tanganyika
4.  Uganda and Gambia.

viii. The founder of indirect rule system in Africa was;

1.   Cecil Rhodes
2.   Saint – Louis
3.   Frederick Lugard
4.  Samori Toure

ix.  Which was not a method of establishing colonial economy?

1.   Preservation method
2.   Creation method
3.   Innovative method
4.  Destructive method

x.  Which is not a reason why Samori Toure managed to fight French?

1.   Was assisted by French
2.   Used modern weapons 
3.   He was rich
4.  Had strong army.

2. Match the dates below with corresponding Events.

SECTION B

3. (a) Define the term colonial economy.

(b) What were objectives of colonial economy in Africa?

4. (a) Give meaning of the following

1.        Direct Rule
2.       Indirect Rule
3.  Assimilation
4.  Association.

(b) Explain why British used Indirect Rule in their colonies

5. Explain the characteristics of feudalism.

6. (a)What do you understand by economic interactions

(b)Explain the ways through which Africans interacted economically

7. Discuss the impact Of Dutch settlement at the Cape.

8. Explain the reasons for the expansion of slave trade in the Indian Ocean sea 

9. In short explain why some areas in Africa experienced intensive scramble more than others. Give four points.

10. Outline six impacts of early contacts in East Africa 

SECTION C

11. East Africa was affected by the coming of the Oman rulers in Zanzibar from 1840s. Discuss this statement by giving six points

OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT, REGIONAL ADMINISTRATION AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT

COMPETENCY BASED  ASSESSMENT

SECONDARY EXAMINATION SERIES

HISTORY MID TERM EXAMINATION – AUG 2023

FORM THREE 

TIME: 3 Hours

INSTRUCTIONS:

1. This paper consist of sections A, B and C with a total of eleven (11) questions
2. Answer ALL questions in section A and B, and two questions from section C
3. Section A carry 16 Marks, section B carry 54 Marks and section C carry 30 Marks
4. Write your Examination number or name on every page of your answer sheet(s).

SECTION A (16 Marks)

Answer ALL questions in this section

1. For each item (i) – (x), choose the correct answer from among the given alternative and write its letter beside the item number

1. A researcher conducted her research in a certain society and found that some people had access in salt making. Do you think a researcher was at which center?

1. Axum and meroe
2. Axum and Uvinza
3. Meroe and Taghaza
4. Taghaza and Uvinza
5. Timbuktu and Uvinza

2. While finding food as a basic need of family, Mwajuma found Adija fighting much to get more than food. As a community development officer what other things apart from food do you think Mwajuma should think as part of basic needs?

1. Food, water and soil
2. Food, clothing and medicine
3. shelter, medicine and food
4. Shelter, food and clothing
5. Food, education and health

3. Some people goals are not being achieved due to the different factors. How can you assimilate this with the factors for the failure of assimilation policy

1. Economic dependence
2. Heterogeneous culture
3. Minimizing of resistance
4. Cheap economic
5. Poor belief

4. The existence of transport known as Dhows and junks used by Arabs and Chines were supported with the strong steady winds which blow across the Indian ocean known as

1. The periplus of the erythrean sea
2. Strong wind
3. Monsoons wind
4. Indian winds
5. Steady winds

5. We consume what we are not producing and we produce what we are not consume and this was due to the impact of revolution in industry. When did industrial revolution took place in Europe?

1. 1000s to 1500
2. 1700s to 1850
3. 1890s to 1950
4. 1650s to 1750
5. 1750s to 1850

6. There are many duties that performed by LAIBON within Maasai societies and he earn acceptance in the society. Which among the following prove that

1. They were guardian of livestock and other types of communal properties
2. They protecting society
3. Finding pasture
4. Grazing and milking
5. Protecting livestock against wild animals

7. You are invited by form one students to speak about feudalism that practiced in Rwanda, Burundi and Buha. Which feudal system will you talk about?

1. Umwinyi
2. Nyarubanja
3. Ubugabile
4. Kihamba
5. Mvunjo/Busulo

8. Before the coming of whites in Africa, Africans had medicine men and women who played an important roles both spiritually and medically. Which social interaction took place through this?

1. Migration
2. Marriage
3. Religion
4. Medicine
5. Music and dances

9. A history teacher selected some of students and used some sweets asked students to struggle on it then after she took some sweets that were struggled by students and she partitioned to them. This situation can be associated by

1. Berlin conference
2. European balance of power
3. Scramble for and partition
4. African reaction
5. Struggle to acquire African parts

10. Earning of African resources by Europeans was not easy due to the reaction of Africans, in order to earn easier exploitation European used coercive apparatus which are

1. Discipline and well organized army
2. Military and super weapons
3. Good transport and weapons
4. Legal institution and colonial military
5. Armed force and weapons

2. Match the description in List A with the corresponding historical terms in List B by using the letter of the correct response beside the item number.

SECTION B (54 Marks)

Answer ALL questions in this section.

3. Allan is a form one student at Makoko secondary school but he is yet familiar with the resolution reached during the berlin conference in regard to the partition of Africa continent. Use the knowledge learned in History to make him familiar with the resolution reached. (Six points).
4. The change of French administrative in Africa after 1945 was unavoidable. Support this statement with six points.
5. The old man who born during the middle stone age , was invited during watoto shangwe show in ITV station to cerebrate a Christmas day, when he was there narrate the uses of fire during homo Erectus. What do you think he narrated? (six points)
6. Why do you think indirect rule and Assimilation policy were equal as shillings? (Six points)
7. Show factors for the development of centralized state. (Six points)
8. There were factors in Europe that helped to make a step forward in industrial development. Verify (Six points)

SECTION C (30 Marks)

Answer TWO questions in this section.

9. Explain how technological backwardness led to the defeat of Africans against the imposition of colonial rule. (Six points)
10. A form one student heard saying that “studying history in secondary school is like killing a dead snake”. As an expert in History subject, in six points defend the subject against this notion.
11. By using East African countries, show how colonial economy was characterized by super exploitation of labour and natural resources. (Six points)

THE PRESIDENT'S OFFICE

MINISTRY OF REGIONAL GOVERNMENT AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT

AUGUST-SEPTEMBER   EXAMINATION SERIES

HISTORY  FORM-3

2020

TIME: 2:30 HRS

Instructions

1.  This paper consists of sections A, B and C with a total of nine (9) questions.
2.  Answer all questions in sections A and B and three (3) questions from section C.
3.  Cellular phones and any unauthorised materials are not allowed in the examination room.
4.  All drawings should be in pencil.
5. Write your Examination Number on every page of your answer booklet(s).

SECTION A (20 Marks)

Answer all questions in this section.

1. For each of the items (i) (xv), choose the correct answer from among the given alternatives and write its letter beside the item number in the answer booklet provided.

(i) What are the major types of oral traditions? 

1. Museums and archives
2.  Poems and proverbs
3. Historical sites and narration of events
4.  Archaeology and museum
5.  Cultural practices and narration of events 

(ii) What was the most common method of farming in pre-colonial Africa?

1. Mixed farming 
2. Plantation agriculture 
3. Shifting cultivation
4. Slash and burn cultivation
5. Permanent crop cultivation

(iii) Colonialism was established through 

1.  post-colonial political changes.
2. Violence and coercion
3. piracy and plundering.
4. Revolution and violence
5. waylaying and bogus treaties.

 (iv) The law that demanded the Africans to carry a labour card "Kipande" aimed at ensuring that

1.  the European colony is exploited effectively.
2.  there is effective occupation of the colony.
3.  the Africans should be allowed to grow cash crops.
4.  the welfare of the Africans were taken care of.
5. the white farmers got a cheap supply of labour.

(v)   The social challenges facing people in Africa include 

1. political instability and tribalism.
2.  tribalism and neo-colonialism.
3.  colonialism and illiteracy.
4.  illiteracy and diseases.
5.  corruption and lack of rule of law.

(vi)  The first creature to walk in an upright fashion was called

1. Homo Erectus.
2. Primates.
3. Homo Sapiens. 
4. Hominids.
5. Homo Habilis. 

(vii)  What was the achievement of man during the Middle Stone Age?

1. Discovery of fire
2. Development of bipedalism
3.  Domestication of animals 
4. Making and using pebble tools
5. Discovery of iron

(viii)  Which one among the following places did people paint and draw in the caves?

1. Sofala
2.  Karagwe
3. Kondoa Irangi
4. Tabora
5. Bagamoyo 

(ix) Who was the greatest ruler of Mali.

1. Askia Mohamed
2. Mansa Kankan Musa
3. Osei Tutu  
4. Uthman dan Fodio
5. Suni Ali

(x) Which one of the following was the immediate consequence of the development of Triangular trade?

1. Decolonization of African countries
2. Disruption of trans-Saharan trade
3. Scramble and partition of Africa
4. Adaptation of the Open Door Policy
5. Implementation of indirect rule policy

(xi) The coastal city states which grew from the trade contacts between East Africa and Asia were

1. Mwanza, Tanga and Dar es Salaam
2. Malindi, Kilwa and Mombasa
3. Nairobi, Kampala and Dar es Salaam
4. Lamu, Bagamoyo and Mbeya 
5. Mombasa, Zanzibar and Kigoma.

(xii)Who convened the conference which legalized the colonization of Africa?

1. David Livingstone.
2. Carl Peters.
3. Otto Von Bismarck.
4. Charles Darwin.
5. Adolf Hitler.

(xiii) Industrial development in Africa was not prioritized by the capitalists during the colonial time because

1. the colonialists were interested in obtaining raw materials
2. the colonialists stressed on the provision of social services
3. the climate did not favour industrial development
4. Africa had no enough raw materials
5. Africa had no infrastructure to support the industries.

(xiv) The first European nation to industrialize was

1.  Germany 
2.  Britain 
3.  France 
4.  Belgium 
5.  Holland.

(xv) The core ideas of the French Revolution were

1.  slave trade, colonialism and neo-colonialism
2.  markets, raw materials and cheap labour
3.  communalism, slavery and feudalism
4.  fraternity, liberty and equality
5.  scramble, partition and bogus treaties.

(xvi) The economic system of goods and services which comprised activities such as trade, manufacturing, agriculture and mining during the colonial era is called

1.  Neo-colonialism 
2.  Trusteeship 
3.  Nationalism 
4.  Bureaucracy 
5.  Colonial economy.

(xvii) The family from which man evolved is known as

1.  Zinjanthropus
2.  Homo Habilis
3.  Primates
4.  Homo Sapiens
5.  Homo Erectus.

(xviii) Which one among the following factors contributed to the rise of states in Africa?

1.  Low level of productive forces.
2.  Presence of chartered companies.
3.  Hunting and gathering activities.
4.  Absence of classes among the people.
5.  Availability of iron technology.

(xix) Which one of the following best explains the reason which made Mozambique to use force during her struggle for independence? 

1. A It was a mandated territory.
2.  It was a trusteeship territory.
3.  It adopted the Open Door Policy.
4.  It was a settler colony.
5.  It was under indirect rule policy.

(xx) The most crucial changes in the evolution of man were 

1.  bi-pedalism and development of the brain
2. domestication of crops and animals
3.  division of labour and expansion of agriculture
4. establishment of settlements and domestication of crops
5.  discovery of stone tools and fire.

2. Match the stems in List A with the correct responses in List B by writing the letter of the correct response beside the item number in the answer booklet provided.

3. Answer the following questions briefly:

(i) Mzee Juma is an illiterate man with 89 years of age. He narrates past political events to his grand child who is eighteen years old. Why such method used by Mzee Juma is considered as an unreliable source of historical information?

(ii) Why the Germany colonial agents would not forget the Hehe resistance?

(iii) How would you relate the French Assimilation policy and destruction of African culture?

(iv) How would you prove that colonial education was an agent of division and racism in colonial Africa?

(v) Why Adolf Hitler is blamed for the occurrence of the Second World War?

(vi) Why some historians consider Chancellor Otto Von Bismarck as the architect of the partition of the African continent?

4. (a) Arrange the following statements in chronological order by writing number 1 to 5 beside the item number in your answer booklet.

(i) Before 1800 AD, Africa and its interior were not known to the outside world.

(ii) Europeans took interest in Africa’s strategic areas with fertile land, minerals and navigable rivers.

(iii) The interior of Africa was exposed to the European world after the work of agents of colonialism.

(iv) By 1880s, many European nations rushed and grabbed parts of the African continent claiming they were their areas of influence.

(v) Reports of the existence of snow-capped mountains in the interior of Africa attracted great interest in the continent.

3. (a) Draw a sketch map of the new East Africa Community and locate by using roman numbers;

(i) The member state in which an identity card (Kipande) was given to the labourer during colonial economy era.

(ii) The headquarters of the committee which was responsible for coordinating the activities of national liberation movements for eradicating colonialism in Africa.

(iii) The country in which the 1994 genocide took place.

(iv) The country whose Common Man’s Charter intended to transform it into a socialist state.

(v) The Trusteeship colony under the British from 1945 to 1961.

SECTION C (45 Marks)

Answer three (3) questions from this section.

6. Explain six significance of studying History.

7.  Critically examine six effects of the legitimate trade in West Africa.

8. Discuss the impact of the Dutch settlement at the Cape by giving six points.

9. Explain six prerequisites for state formation in pre-colonial Africa.