THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL OF TANZANIA CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION EXAMINATION 

013 GEOGRAPHY

(For Both School and Private Candidates)

Time: 3 HoursYear: 2021

Instructions

1. This paper consists of sections A, B and C with a total of ten (10) questions.
2. Answer all questions in section A and B and two (2) questions from section C.
3. Section A carries fifteen (15) marks, section B fifty five (55) marks and section C carries thirty (30) marks.
4. Map extract of Mbeya (Sheet 244/4) is provided.
5. Programmable Calculators, Cellular phones and any unauthorised materials are not allowed in the examination room.
6. Write your Examination Number on every page of your answer booklet(s).

SECTION A (15 Marks) 
Answer all questions in this section.

1. For each of the items (i) - (x), choose the correct answer from among the given alternatives and write its letter in the answer booklet(s) provided.

(i) The solar system is made up of the sun, planets and other heavenly bodies which revolve around the sun. Which planet has the shortest orbit?

1. Pluto 
2. Mercury
3. Mars
4. Earth
5. Venus

(ii) Asha was observing the uniform removal of top thin layer of the soil by running water in the rainy day. What type of soil removal was she observing?

1. Splash erosion
2. Gully erosion
3. Sheet erosion
4. Rill erosion
5. Wind erosion

(iii) Tanzanian population structure is concave in shape. What is the implication of this shape?

1. Birth rate is high, low life expectancy and high death rate
2. Low birth rate, high life expectancy and stable growth rate
3. Birth rate is high, high infant mortality and high death rate
4. Birth rate is low, low infant mortality and high death rate
5. Birth rate is high, high life expectancy and stable growth rate

(iv) Form One students were watching a Television program on various human activities in Maisha village. Which among the observed activities is not the cause of environmental destruction in that Village?

1. Afforestation 
2. Charcoal burning
3. Lumbering
4. Fire wood cutting
5. Construction activities

(v) Maneno's village has rainfall throughout the year and is surrounded by dense forest. Which type of forest do you think could be found in his village?

1. Mangrove forest
2. Coniferous forest 
3. Tropical forest
4. Temperate forest 
5. Semi-arid forest

(vi) What is the main cause of time variation between Lamu 40^°E and Tunis 10^°E?

1. Rotation of the earth 
2. Differences in longitudes
3. Revolution of the earth 
4. Rotation and revolution
5. Differences in latitudes

(vii) Form Three students were taught that, the Southern Tourist Circuit in Tanzania promotes ecotourism. Which of the following is not encouraged in the promotion of ecotourism in the area?

1. Afforestation 
2. Protecting endangered species
3. Coastal attraction 
4. Environmental conservation
5. Discouraging forest fire

(viii) Which one is a factor that affects temperature between Tanzania and Netherlands? 

1. Altitude
2. Solar system
3. The sun
4. Solar energy 
5. Heavenly bodies

(ix) It is observed that, there is mineral exhaustion in Kahama district and the production is very minimal. Which one is the best alternative economic activity that can be adopted by the people living in the area so as to improve the standard of their life?

1. Improving methods of extraction 
2. Reducing population
3. Reclaiming the affected areas for agriculture 
4. Developing other sources of energy
5. Establishing industries

(x) The owner of a plastic industry ordered the management to use environmental friendly energy sources in production. Which energy source could be used in that industry?

1. Petroleum
2. Nuclear
3. Fuel wood
4. Coal 
5. Solar

2. Match the intrusive volcanic features in List A with their corresponding relevant names in List B by writing a letter of the correct response beside the item roman number in the answer booklet provided.

List A	List B
	Laccolith Batholith Vent Dyke Magma Sill Volcano

SECTION B (55 Marks) 
Answer all questions in this section.

3.Study carefully the map extract of Mbeya (Sheet 244/4) and answer the following questions:

1. With supporting evidence from the map, describe two methods used to represent relief on the mapped area.
2. By giving evidence from the map, name four social economic activities carried out in the area.
3. Calculate the area covered by the forest using the square method. Give your answer in km
4. By giving evidence from the map, describe three main types of transport found in the mapped area.

4.The form One students carried a study tour to Hale Hydroelectric Power Station where they observed falling water in a river course disturbed by a steep flow of water which cause the water wheel to rotate.

1. Name the feature with steep gradient the students observed.
2. Describe the feature named in (a).
3. With the aid of a diagram, describe how the feature named in (a) can be formed where a layer of resistant rock lies horizontally across a river channel.

5. Juma decided to carry out a research on the performance of students in his school using few students who represented the others.

1. How is the process used by Juma to select the representatives called?
2. Briefly describe the process named in (a).
3. Explain two main types of the process named in (a).
4. Mention four categories of one type of the process explained in (c).

6.Assume you are a chain surveyor expert in one of the village and you have been assigned a task of measuring a distance of a river from point A to point B.

1. Which seven steps will you follow to carry out such a task?
2. How would you ensure the correctness of measurement as you carry out a task?

7.Study the following photograph carefully and then answer the questions that follow:

1. State the position of a photographer when taking the photograph.
2. Describe the settlement pattern in the middle ground of the photograph.
3. With evidence, give three functions of the area in the foreground.
4. Giving four points, describe the functions of vegetation shown in the area.
5. Suggest two types of economic activities taking place in the area. 

SECTION C (30 Marks)

Answer two (02) questions from this section.

8. The Form Four students had a field study to the National Bureau of Statistics. In the site, the statistician explained to them about different concepts of statistics and their benefits to users. Describe five benefits of statistics that might have been explained by the statistician.

9. Mdariani is a village surrounded by different types of rocks. Suppose you have been invited by the villagers to educate them about the sedimentary rocks and their characteristics, what six features would you give them as a guide?

10. "River basin development project is essential to economic development of various countries of the world". In six points, explain the importances of the project to the economy of Tanzania.