THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION EXAMINATION

GEOGRAPHY

(For Both School and Private Candidates)

TIME: 3 Hours October , 2006

Instructions

1. This paper consists of sections A, B, C and D.

2. Answer all questions in sections A, B and C and one (1) question from each part of section D.

3. Map extract of Tabora sheet 118/2 is provided.

4. Credit will be given for the use of relevant sketch maps and diagrams.

5. Electronic calculators are not allowed in the examination room.

6. Cellular phones are not allowed in the examination room.

7. Write your Examination Number on every page of your answer booklet(s)

SECTION A (25 marks)

PHYSICAL AND MATHEMATICAL GEOGRAPHY

1. For each of the items (i) - (x) choose the correct answer from among the given alternatives and write its letter beside the item number.

(i)The rotation of the earth causes the following except:

1. day and night
2. seasons
3. difference of one (1) hour between two meridians of 15⁰
4. the deflation of winds and ocean currents
5. the daily rising and falling of the ocean tides

(ii)Which of the following develops at the bottom of a waterfall?

1. Plunge pool
2. delta
3. different junction
4. playa river regime

(iii)The crust is sometimes referred to as:

1. lithosphere
2. hydrosphere
3. troposphere
4. mesosphere
5. tropopause

(iv)The force of water that wears out soft rocks such as clay is known as:

1. hydraulic action
2. solution action
3. attrition action
4. corrasion action
5. siltation action

(v)The name given to a boundary that demarcates solid materials from the molten mantle is:

1. asthenosphere
2. Gutenberg
3. mohorovic
4. mesosphere
5. core

(vi)What is the longitude of Morogoro if its local time is 10:00 p.m., whereas the longitude of Accra in Ghana is 0⁰ and local time is 7:00 p.m.?

1. 45⁰E 
2. 45⁰W
3. 35⁰E
4. 35⁰W
5. 60⁰W

(vii) . . . . . . . . . . is a point where cold air from the polar regions meets warmer air from lower latitudes.

1. polar front
2. tropical maritime
3. cyclone
4. humidity
5. pressure gradient

(viii)Which of the following types of lakes does not occur from depositional factor?

1. Playa
2. Tarn
3. Ox-bow 
4. Delta
5. Lagoon

(ix)Salinity of ocean water increases with:

1. increased rate of evaporation of ocean water
2. distance from the equatorial region
3. depth of the sea water
4. altitude
5. increasing rainfall

(x)Soil structure refers to the:

1. size of soil particles
2. arrangement of soil particles
3. soil ninerals and contents
4. soil pH
5. soil catena

2, Match the responses in LIST B with the phrases in LIST A by writing the letter of the correct response beside the item number.

3.With the aid of a diagram, describe the characteristic features of a shield volcano.

SECTION B

STATISTICS, RESEARCH TECHNIQUES AND SIMPLE SURVEYING AND LEVELLING

4. Study the following vehicle moving data along Morogoro - Dodoma Road and answer the questions that follow:-

(a)Present the data above by means of a pie chat.

(b)Describe the advantages and disadvantages of the method you have used in (a) above.

5.Write short notes on how you would prepare yourself for a field research.

6.Explain briefly the following concepts as used in survey:

(a)Plane survey

(b)Geodetic surveying

(c)Topographical surveying

(d) Cadastral surveying

SECTION C

MAP READING AND PHOTOGRAPH INTERPRETATION

7.Answer the following questions after studying carefully the map extract of Sengerema, sheet 33/1.

(a)What is the bearing of Ijima Hill (512060) from Igulumuki Hill (491086)?

(b)Find out the length of the loose surface road which passes across the area from the junction at CBP (483164) to Kamwashi (564114).

(c)Draw a cross section from Nyamabano Hill, grid reference 462146 to Nyamazungo Hill, grid reference 500179.

(d)Use specific examples to outline the economic activities conducted in the area.

(e)Point out the different factors which have determined the population distribution in the area.

8. Study carefully the photograph provided, then answer the questions that follow:

(a) Name the type of photograph provided.

(b) Name the crop shown in the foreground of the photograph.

(c) State the characteristics which favour the growth of the crop in (b) above.

(d) Comment on the stage which might have been reached by the crop mentioned in (b) above.

SECTION D

PART I: REGIONAL FOCAL STUDIES

9.Describe the usefulness and advantages of exploiting Rufiji and Kagera River basins.

10.Which factors have influenced the success of commercial beef keeping in the mid-plains of the U.S.A.?

PART II : ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES, POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT

l l. (a) What is meant by the term "settlement"?

(b) Explain three (3) main types of rural settlements.

12.(a) What is acid rain?

(b) Discuss the effects of acid rain.