THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL OF TANZANIA CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION EXAMINATION

GEOGRAPHY

(For Both School and Private Candidates)

Time: 3 Hours Year: 2003

SECTION A

PHYSICAL AND MATHEMATICAL GEOGRAPHY

1. For each of the items (i) - (x) choose the correct answer from among the given alternatives and write its letter beside the item number.

(i)Which of the following is the evidence which proves that the earth is spherical?

A.The lunar eclipse

B.The four seasons

C.The revolution of the earth

D.The eclipse of the sun E. Equator

(ii)A great circle refers to:

A.a line of longitude

B.a circle of the globe

C.the shortest distance between the two points

D.a circle in the surface whose plane passes through the centre of the globe

E.Greenwich meridian only.

(iii)A reverse fault is caused by:

A.tensional forces

B.down warping of the earth's surface

C. folding

D. compressional forces 

E. denudation.

(iv)Tides are highest:

A.during the eclipse

B.during the aphelion

C.during the equinox

D.during the day and night throughout the year

E.at the poles

(v)Micheweni at sea level has a temperature of 32⁰C. What is the temperature of Karatu 1500m above sea level?

A.19 ⁰C 

B. 9 ⁰C

C. 0.6⁰ C 

D. 17 ⁰C 

E. 23 ⁰ C

(vi)Quartz is a compound element of:

A.aluminium and granite

B.feldspar and carbon dioxide 

C. manganese and iron

D.iron, granite carbon dioxide

E.silicon and oxygen

(vii)The intensity of an earthquake is measured by an instrument called:

A. epicentre

B.chronometer

C. seismography

D. Richter scale 

E. hygrometer

(viii)Which of the following is a limestone surface feature?

A.Stalagmite

B.Underground stream

C.Tombolo

D. Polje

E. Loess

(ix)A stony desert is called:

A.hamada 

B. reg

C.barchan

D.erg

E.temperate desert

(x)The following is not a feature formed in the glaciated highland areas:

A.Truncated spar

B.V-shaped valley 

C. Crag and tail

D.pyramidal peak

E. Arete

2. Match the items in List A with the responses in List B by writing the letter of the correct response beside the item number.

LIST A

(i) The renewed activity of the river

(ii) It is an area with low pressure on the tropics

(iii)Part of the earth forming the upper part of the crust or continent

(iv)Elongated lakes formed in the U-shaped valley

(v)The coarseness of the soil, which is part of the soil property

(vi)The catchment area

(vii)Loads beneath the glacier

(viii)Consists of broad leaves and found in temperate regions

(ix)Normal fault

(x)Rocky planetary bodies orbiting the sun

LIST B

SECTION B

STATISTICS, RESEARCH TECHNIQUES AND SIMPLE SURVEYING AND LEVELLING

3. The data below show the enrolment of Form Five students at Kilimo Secondary School from 1980 - 1985.

(a)Present the data by divergent bar graph.

(b)What are the advantages and disadvantages of this method? 

(c) Name three alternative ways of presenting the data.

Define hypothesis as applied in research.

(b) Why is the knowledge of conducting field research important to researchers?

4. Define hypothesis as applied in research.

(b) Why is the knowledge of conducting field research important to researchers?

5.(a) Define simple chain survey.

(b)Give the main use of each of the following equipment in simple chain survey.

(i) Pegs 

(ii) Cross staff

(iii) Surveyors band 

(iv) Arrows

SECTION C

MAP READING AND PHOTOGRAPH INTERPRETATION

6. Answer the following questions after a careful study of the map extract of Kasulu, sheet 93/1.

(a) Change the scale of the map into a statement scale.

(b) Measure the distance of the all weather road from grid reference 680615 to Kasulu town which has a grid reference 774955.

(c) Calculate the area covered by swamps.

(d) Explain the main types of vegetation of the area shown on the map.

(e) What factors influenced the location of Kasulu town? Explain the main economic activities of the area.

7.Study carefully the photograph provided, then answer the questions that follow:

(a) Identify the type of crop shown on the foreground and name any three possible areas in Tanzania where the crop is grown.

(b)With reasons, determine the time at which the photograph was taken.

(c) State the type of photograph.

PART I : REGIONAL FOCAL STUDIES

8. (a) What is nomadic pastoralism?

(b)Explain the disadvantages of nomadic pastoralism in Northern Kenya.

9. (a) Explain the pre-conditions for establishing hydroelectric power station.

(b) What are the advantages of hydroelectric power?

PART II : ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES, POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT

10. (a) What is urbanization?

(b) Describe the main push factors which lead to rural urban migration.

11. "Soil erosion is a man-made phenomenon only". Discuss.