THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL OF TANZANIA CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION EXAMINATION

BIOLOGY

(For Both School and Private Candidates)

Time: 3 Hours Year: 2009

SECTION A

1. For each of the items (i) — (x) choose the correct answer from among the given alternatives and write its letter beside the item number.

(i)The elements carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen would be found in:

1. Amino acids
2. Nitrates
3. Fats
4. Starch
5. Vitamins

(ii)Which of the following are parasitic eukaryotic organisms?

1. Amoeba and paramecium
2. Euglena and green algae
3. Trypanosome and plasmodium
4. Brown algae and amoeba
5. Plasmodium and amoeba

(iii)The outer most living structure in plant cells is the:

1. Cell wall
2. Cytoplasm
3. Cell membrane
4. Nuclear membrane
5. Ectoplasm

(iv)The part of cassava plant which is modified for food storage is:

1. an underground stem
2. an underground root
3. a corn
4. a prop root
5. an underground stalk

(v)The phylum chordate includes all animals that have:

1. Mammary glands
2. Post anal tail 
3. a backbone
4. Scales
5. Warm dry skin

(vi)Which of the following soil types has the highest water holding capacity'

1. Sandy soil
2. Loamy soil
3. Clay soil
4. Silty soil
5. Sandy loam soil

(vii)The human body can make one o€the following vitamins for itself:

1. Vitamin A
2. Vitamin B
3. Vitamin K
4. Vitamin D
5. Vitamin E

(viii) Examples of diseases caused by bacteria are:

1. Tuberculosis, cholera and gonorrhea
2. Malaria, bilharzias and cancer
3. Elephantiasis, AIDS and sleeping sickness
4. Measles, amoebic dysentery and chickenpox
5. Common cold, Typhoid and Cholera

(ix)A colour blind woman marries a man with normal vision. What percentage of colour blind and normal children would be expected from such a marriage? 

1. 100% colour blind
2. 75% colour blind and 25% normal
3. 50% colour blind and 50% normal 
4. 25% colour blind and 75% normal
5. 100% normal

(x) In a motor accident, the bus driver found that he could hardly maintain his body equilibrium. Which of the structures was damaged?

1. Semi circular canals
2. The medulla oblongata
3. Pituitary gland
4. The cerebellum
5. The cochlea

2.Match the responses in List B with the word/phrases in List A by writing the letter of the correct response beside the item number.

SECTION B

3.(a) What is the biological importance of:

(i)tears

(ii)saliva

(b) (i) Name three protein digesting enzymes and for each state the organ of the digestive system producing it and the products of its activity. Present your answer as shown in the following Table.

(ii) Explain what happens to people whose bodies fail to secrete insulin.

4.(a) What is a tissue?

(ii) Name three animal and plant tissues.

(b) State the structural differences between a cell wall and a cell membrane.

5.(a) The following are methods of controlling diseases. Mention one disease that can be controlled by each method. 

(i) Clean water supplies

(ii) Hygienic disposal of refuse and sewage

(iii)Eradication of mosquitoes 

(iv) Vaccination

(b) What are the functions of blood in man?

6.(a) Mention three (3) ways in which mitosis is important to living things.

(b) List down the different factors that influence growth in animals.

7.(a) Name the structures used for movement in:

(i)Amoeba

(ii)Fish

(iii)Paramecium

(iv)Earthworm

(v)Mammals

(b)Differentiate between movement and locomotion.

8. (a) Mention four (4) ways of helping someone who has been bitten by a snake.

(b)Identify one (1) important thing that should never be given to a victim of a snake bite. Give reasons.

9.(a) Draw a well labelled diagram of a mammalian kidney showing the internal structure.

(b)Briefly explain the differences in the composition of blood in the renal artery and in the renal vein.

10.(a) Study the following diagram (Figure 1) on the structure of a nerve cell and answer the questions that follow it.

Fig. 1

(i)Name the parts labelled A, B, C and D.

(ii)Where does the neurone in Figure 1 carry impulses to?

(iii)Name two (2) other types of nerve cells found in the nervous system of vertebrates and state their functions.

(b)State four (4) differences between nervous communication and endocrine communication.

SECTION C

11. Discuss how the knowledge of Biology is useful in agriculture and medicine.

12. Cholera has been a long term problem in this country. During heavy rains the problem becomes more serious. Even the neighbouring countries have attempted to eradicate the disease but they have not been very successful.

(a) Explain the possible reasons that have led to this failure.

(b) Explain how this disease can be eradicated successfully in terms of its mode of transmission, control and curative methods.

13. Drug abuse is a serious problem among the youth, especially in urban areas. Explain the concept of drug abuse including possible causes, and suggest preventive and control measures.