THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA
NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION EXAMINATION 

012 HISTORY

(For School Candidates Only)

Time: 3 Hours Wednesday, 6^th October 2010 p.m.

Instructions

1. This paper consists of sections A, B and C.
2. Answer all questions in sections A and B and three (3) questions from section C.
3. Calculators are not allowed in the examination room.
4. Cellular phones are not allowed in the examination room.
5. All drawings should be in pencil.
6. Write your Examination Number on every page of your answer booklet (s).

SECTION A (20 Marks)
Answer all questions in this section.

1. For each of the items (i) - (x), choose the correct answer from among the given alternatives and write its letter beside the item number.

(i) One of the effects regarding the coming of Europeans to West Africa was 

1. the introduction of iron technology
2. establishment of heavy industries
3. the growth of western Sudanic states
4. the distortion of the Trans-Saharan Trade
5. the decline of tribal wars.

(ii) The following are functions of the clan heads except 

1. allocating land for agriculture
2. choosing spouses for the young men
3. settling conflicts
4. presiding over religious ceremonies
5. ruling a number of villages.

(iii) The prominent groups of people in iron working in Africa included the 

1. Venda people of Northern Africa and Mashona of Zimbabwe
2. Mashona of Zambia and Manganja of Malawi
3. Nubians of Sudan and the Venda of Northern Transvaal
4. Nubians of Kongo and the Mashona of Zimbabwe
5. Ibo and Yoruba in West Africa.

(iv) One of the notable United Nations failure in its objectives is its inability to 

1. control food shortage
2. eradicate colonial rule
3. establish tribunes for war criminals
4. prevent big powers from violating its principles
5. control poverty in Africa.

(v) The Boers who trekked away from the cape colony in the late 1830s were known as the 

1. Voortrekkers
2. Isandlahwana
3. Afrikaners Bond
4. Uitlanders
5. Khoisan

(vi) Written records as a source of history are more preferred to oral traditions because of the following reason.

1. Written records do not require space
2. Oral traditions can be exaggerated and it is difficult to reproduce the same contents
3. Oral traditions are expressed in centuries
4. Written records do not require language as a medium of communication
5. Oral traditions are controlled by leaders of a given society.

(vii) Karl Peters signed a number of treaties with African chiefs on the coastal hinterland of Tanganyika because he wanted to

1. please chancellor Bismark of Germany
2. establish the unity among African chiefdoms
3. accomplish colonial economic motives of the German East Africa Company
4. accomplish the signing of the Heligoland Treaty
5. recruit the chief of Msowero to become member of the German East African Company.

(viii) The demise of the Portuguese in East African Coast could be explained as

1. the Portuguese rivals overpowered them
2. the Portuguese did not have enough soldiers and administrators to control their empire 
3. Portuguese soldiers were corrupt and brutal
4. the Portuguese control of the Indian Ocean trade and gold in Mwenemutapas empire was less profitable
5. Portugal had already industrialised.

(ix) Which major problem faced independent Africa in political aspects after independence?

1. Low income to the majority
2. Experts without white collar job 
3. The balance of ministers from former colonial masters
4. Size of independent states
5. Imbalance in power sharing

(x) Indirect Rule was predominant in the following regions 

1. South Africa, Namibia and Zimbabwe
2. Uganda, Nigeria and Tanganyika
3. Uganda, Kenya and Zanzibar
4. Zimbabwe, Kenya and Congo
5. Cameroon, Namibia and Tanganyika