THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL OF TANZANIA FORM TWO NATIONAL ASSESSMENT

0012 HISTORY

Time: 2½ HOURS Thursday, 14 th November 2019 p.m.

Instructions

1. This paper consists of sections A, B and C with a total of ten (10) questions.
2. Answer all questions in sections A and B and two (2) questions from section C.
3. All writing must be in black or blue ink.
4. All answers must be written in the spaces provided.
5. Cellular phones, calculators and any unauthorized materials are not allowed in the examination room.
6. Write your Examination Number at the top right hand corner of every page.

SECTION A (40 MARKS)

Answer all questions in this section.

1. For each of the items (i) - (x), choose the correct answer from the given alternatives and write its letter in the box provided.

(i) Which of the following was an important change in the evolution of man? 

1. Walking with all four limbs
2. Development of the brain 
3. Walking with fore limbs 
4. Gathering and hunting

(ii) Which of the following is an early iron site in East Africa? 

1. Olduvai gorge 
2. Kondoa Irangi
3. Engaruka 
4. Meroe

(iii) One of the effects of Seyyid Said’s rule in Zanzibar was 

1. introduction of Christianity.
2. establishment of clove plantations.
3. legalizing Dutch settlement at the Cape. 
4. introduction of legitimate trade.

(iv) In which century was the Zanzibar slave market closed? 

1. 15^th century 
2. 18^th century
3. 19^th century 
4. 20^th century

(v) Which among the following historical sites are found in Uganda? 

1. Fort Ternan and Russinga Island
2. Olorgesailie and Engaruka
3. Olduvai Gorge and Nsongezi 
4. Nsongezi and Biggo

(vi) Why is it expensive to use archaeology?

1. It needs experts and advanced technology. 
2. It neglects the use of Carbon 14.
3. It rejects the use of fossils as evidence.
4. It needs historians who can memorize events.

(vii) Which one of the following represents exploitative modes of production in pre-colonial Africa?

1. Capitalism and slavery 
2. Socialism and feudalism
3. Slavery and communalism 
4. Slavery and feudalism

(viii) Which coastal city state received gold from Mwenemutapa in the 15^th century was located in present day Mozambique?

1. Mombasa 
2. Kilwa
3. Sofala 
4. Mogadishu

(ix) Productive forces consists of

1. producers, skills, experience and technology. 
2. surplus production and lack of exploitation. 
3. objects of labour and instruments of labour. 
4. instruments of production and good markets.

(x) Which one of the following was a hunting and gathering society in 19^th century? 

1. Ganda 
2. Zulu
3. Haya 
4. San

2. Match the items in List A with the correct responses in List B by writing the letter of the correct response below the corresponding item number in the table provided.

Answers

3. Write True if the statement is correct or False if the statement is not correct in the space provided.

(i) Permanent crop cultivation was adopted in regions with low population. . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) The improvement of farming techniques led to increased food production and population decrease . . . . . . . . . .

(iii) Four main East African language groups are Khoisan, Cushites, Nilotes and Bantu . . . . . . . . . .

(iv) Industrial revolution was among the reasons for abolition of slave trade . . . . . . . . . .

(v) Boer trek helped some societies to resist against the Portuguese rule in East Africa . . . . . . . . . .

(vi) christian missionaries in Zanzibar were among the freed slaves who were taught Christian principles . . . . . . . . . .

(vii) War captives and criminals were sold as slaves during the Triangular slave trade. . . . . . . . . . .

(viii) Nok, Meroe, Axum were the major iron smelting centres in pre-colonial Africa . . . . . . . . . .

(ix) A socio-economic system whereby a worker is owned by an individual as an instrument of production is called feudalism . . . . . . . . . .

(x) Salt making, pottery, basketry and gathering were types of handicraft industries in pre-colonial Africa . . . . . . . . . .

4. Briefly explain the following terms:

(a) Zinjanthropus

(b) Generation

(c) Iron Age

(d) Long Distance trade

(e) Nyarubanja 

SECTION B (30 MARKS)

Answer all questions in this section.

5. Arrange the following sentences in chronological order by writing their letter in the table provided.

1. Between the 8^th and 10^th centuries, regular trade contact between East African coast and Far East and Middle East respectively began.
2. Under the control of Arab merchants, trade contacts led to the growth of East African coastal city states.
3. Their control was short-lived (until 1698), as the Omani sultanate collaborated with East African coast people to defeat them.
4. However, later this prosperity was disturbed by the Portuguese invasion that controlled and diverted the trade to the Atlantic route.
5. Effective Omany control was established during the second half of the 19^th century, after Sultan Seyyid Said had shifted his capital from Muscat to Zanzibar.

Answers

6. Complete each of the following statements with correct historical facts.

1. An irrigation system used by ancient Egyptians consisting of a pole with a weight on one side and a bucket on the other is called . . . . . . . . . .
2. The socio-political system which was more dominant among the pastoral societies but also practiced by some agricultural societies such as the Kikuyu and Nyakyusa is known as . . . . . . . . . .
3. What marked the end of Portuguese rule in East Africa in 1698? . . . . . . . . . . .
4. The founder of German East Africa Company in 1884 was called . . . . . . . . . . .
5. Pre-colonial African societies used a system of exchange based on goods by goods known as . . . . . . . . . .

7. Study this drawing and answer the questions which follow.

1. The people who are chained shown in the drawing are called . . . . . . . . . .
2. In which year was the last treaty to stop the business shown on the diagram signed in East Africa? . . . . . . . . . .
3. Where was the greatest market in East Africa for the chained people shown on the diagram? . . . . . . . . . .
4. Which European country championed to stop the business shown on the diagram? . . . . . . . . . .
5. Which was the first European country to conduct the business shown on the diagram in Africa? . . . . . . . . . .

SECTION C (30 MARKS)

Answer two (2) questions from this section.

8. Explain six characteristics of slavery in Africa.

9. Elaborate six factors that led to the development of trade in African societies during the pre-colonial period.

10. What is the importance of using oral tradition as a source of history? Give six points.