THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL OF TANZANIA

FORM TWO NATIONAL ASSESSMENT

013 GEOGRAPHY

Duration: 2:30 Hours

INSTRUCTIONS. 

1. This paper consists of sections A, B and C with a total of ten (10) questions.
2. Answer all questions in section A and B and two (2) questions from section C
3. All writing must be in blue or black ink.
4. All answers must be written in the space provided.
5. Calculators, cellular phones and any unauthorized materials are not allowed in the examination room.
6. Write your Examination Number at the top right corner of every page.

SECTION A (25 Marks)

Answer all questions in this section.

1. For each of the items (i) – (ii), choose the correct answer from among the given alternatives and write its letter in the box provided.

 

(i) One characteristics of equatorial climate is:-

1. Low rainfall
2. Moderate temperature
3. Low humidity
4. Thick forest.

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(ii) The direction to which compass needle points is called

1. Magnetic north
2. True north
3. Grid north
4. Compass bearing

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(iii) Cultivation of cash crops based on application of advanced technology is called?

1. Subsistence agriculture
2. A large scale agriculture
3. Mixed system agriculture
4. A small scale agriculture

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(iv) The condition of the atmosphere recorded for a short period of time is known as

1. Climate
2. Rainfall
3. Weather
4. Temperature

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(v) The four seasons of the year are the result of

1. Rotation of the earth
2. Lunar eclipse
3. Revolution of the earth
4. Solar eclipse.

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(vi) The seasonal movement of herdsmen between lowlands and highlands in search of water and pasture is known as

1. Transhumance
2. Hunting
3. Pastoralism
4. Agriculture

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(vii) When does the summer solstice in the southern hemisphere occurs?

1. 21^st June
2. 23^rd September
3. 21^st September
4. 22^nd December.

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(viii) A feature formed as result of a long and fairly narrow stretch of land that extends through plains, hills or mountains is called

1. Basin
2. Plateau
3. Valley
4. Depression

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(ix) The winds which blow from the sea to land is called

1. Wind breeze
2. See breeze
3. Land breeze
4. Ocean current

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(x) Time increases by 4 minutes for every 1  of longitude when one travels from

1. North to South
2. East to South
3. West to South
4. West to East.

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2. Match the items in List A with the responses in List B by writing the letter of the correct response below the corresponding item number in the table provided.

List A	List B
(i)     Moons of the planets. (ii)  Pieces of hard matter falling from outer space. (iii) Natural satellites of the earth (iv) The centre of the solar system. (v)   Heavenly body that posses and transmit its own light.	Star Mars Satellite Meteors Sun Comets Moon

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3. In each of the following items (i – x), write TRUE if the statement is correct or FALSE if the statement is not correct.

(i)     Rain gauge is an instrument used to measure the amount of rainfall…… ……

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(ii)  Crust is the inner most part of the earth……………………

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(iii) Block Mountains are formed by prolonged denudation……… ……… ……

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(v)   Hydrological cycle is a continuous circulation of water from the earth’s surface to the atmosphere…...

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(vi) Wind is air in motion from low pressure to high pressure area…… ……  …… …….

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(vii)    Tourism can affect negatively the culture of the host countries…… …… ……….

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(viii)  The side of the mountain facing the direction of the wind is known as leeward side…… ……

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(ix) Capital is the only determining factor to improve small scale agriculture in Tanzania…… ……

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(x)   Scale of the map is the ratio between the distance on the map and the actual distance on the ground……

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SECTION B (45 Marks)

Answer all questions in this section.

4. (a) Outline five economic resources which are obtained from water bodies

(i)     ………… …………… ………………… ……………

(ii)  …………… ……………… ……………… ………… 

(iii) ………… …………… …………… …………… 

(iv) …………… …………… …………… …………… …

 

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    (b) Mention five ways of conserving water resources

(i)     ………… …………… …………… …………… …………… 

(ii)  ………… …………… …………… …………… …………… 

(iii) …………… …………… …………… …………… …………… 

(iv) …………… ……………… ……………… ……………… 

(v)   ……………… ……………… ……………… ……………… 

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     (c) List five major means of transport on land.

(i)     …………… …………… …………… …………… …………… 

(ii)  ……………… ……………… ……………… ……………… 

(iii) ……………… ……………… ……………… ……………… 

(iv) ……… …… ……………… ………… ……………… ………… 

(v)   …………… …………… …………… …………… …………… 

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5. (a) Giving one example, briefly explain four main categories of mountain. 

(i)     …………… …………… …………… …………… 

(ii)  ……………… ……………… ……………… 

(iii) …………… ……………… ……………… ……………… 

(iv) ……………… ……………… ……………… ……………… 

 

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    (b) (i) Briefly explain the formation of rift valleys.

……………… …… ………… ………………… ………………  …………… …………… ……………… ……… ……… …… 

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          (ii) List five rift valley lakes in East Africa.

• ……………… ………………… ………………… 
• ……………… ……………… ……………… 
• ………………… ………………… ………………… 
• ………………… ………………… ………………… 
• ………………… ………………… ………………… 

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6. (a) Outline four features of Linear Scale

(i)     …………… …………………… …………………… 

(ii)  …………………… …………………… ……………… 

(iii) …………………… …………………… ……………… 

(iv) …………………… ……………………… ……………

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    (b) Briefly describe five essentials of a map

(i)     ……………… ………………… ……………………… 

(ii)  ……………… ………………………… ………………… 

(iii) ……… …………… ……………………… …………

(iv) ……… ………………………… ………………… ……

(v)   ……………… ………………… ………………… …

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    (c) Sketch symbol used to show the following geographical features on maps.

 (i) Depression

 

(ii) Season swamp

 

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SECTION C (30 Marks)

Answer two (2) questions from this section. 

7. Elaborate five differences between heavy industries and light industries.

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8. Describe five advantages of natural gas production in Tanzania

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9. Explain five advantages of tourism industry in Tanzania.

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10. Describe five problems facing cash crop production in Tanzania.

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THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA NATIONAL EXAMINATION COUNCIL

 GEOGRAPHY FTNA 2018

1.For each of the items (i) — (x) choose the correct answer from the given alternatives and write its letter.

(i) The furthest position from the sun in the orbit of the earth is called:

1.  Equinox 
2.  Aphelion
3.  Perihelion 
4.  Solstice

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(ii)Which type of mountains results from the eruption of molten rocks from the earth interior?

1.  Volcanic mountains 
2. Block mountains 
3. Residual mountains 
4. Fold mountains

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(iii)Which one of the following instrument is not the component of a weather station?

1.  Rain gauge 
2.  Wind vane
3.  Microscope 
4.  Stevenson screen

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(iv)The time which is recorded along the same meridian is called:

1.  Local Mean Time 
2.  Greenwich Mean Time 
3.  Great Mean time 
4.  Standard Time

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(v)Which type of climate among the following is different from the other?

1.  Mediterranean 
2.  Savanna
3.  Hot desert 
4.  Equatorial

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(vi)Which scale is the largest among the following?

1. 1:25,000
2. 1:1,500,000
3.  1:50,000
4. 1: 10,000

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(vii)Which one of the following features are correct set of the ocean floor?

1.  Ridge, basin, plateau and waterfall. 
2.  Continental shelf, basin and waterfall.
3.  Trench, continental shelf and continental slope.
4.  Horst, plain and volcano.

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(viii)A ship moves to the west and crosses the International Date Line. What happens in regard to time gained or lost?

1.  No time is gained or lost 
2.  One whole days is lost
3.  One whole day is gained
4.  One whole day is repeated

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(ix)The height above the sea level is called:

1.  Altitude 
2.  Contour
3.  Latitude 
4.  Ocean

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(x)Which one among of the following is not an importance of value of forest?

1. Supports life of varied species. 
2. . Modifies climate.
3.  Accelerates soil erosion.
4.  Home for animals and birds.

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2.Match the items in List A with responses in List B by writing the letter of the correct response below the corresponding item number in the table provided.

LIST A

LIST B

A line where a date is changed or where calender days begin. The time when the length of day and night are equal over all places on the earths surface. The phenomena which occur when the moon passes between the sun and the earth. The arrangement of the planets and solid objects in space in relation to the sun. The lines used in plotting routes for ships crossing large stretches of ocean waters and aircraft.

Great circles Solar system Solar eclipse Moon eclipse Revolution of the sun International Date Line Equinox

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3. In each of the following items (i — x), write True if the statement is correct or False if the statements is not correct.

(i) Industrialization is not an agent of environment pollution ..........

(ii) One among the major characteristics of equatorial climate is high temperature and heavy rainfall throughout the year .....

(iii) The continent that is crossed by both tropics of Cancer and Capricorn is Africa .:........

(iv) The side of mountain that faces the direction of the wind is known as leeward side .......

(v) Steroids are solid heavenly bodies revolving around the sun mostly between Mars and Jupiter ......

(vi) Lake Victoria, Kyoga, Superior and Chad are among the Rift valley lakes. 

(vii) Population pressures especially in big cities in Tanzania do not accelerate the improvement of social services .....

(viii)The use of solar energy minimizes environmental degradation .......... 

(ix) Representative Fraction (RF) is a way of expressing the scale of a map by the use of word statement ... ...

(x) Equinoxes means equal day and night hours at all latitudes ........„

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SECTION B

4. (a) Briefly explain the concept of human activities

(b) Name four types of primary human activities.

 (c) Giving two examples, differentiate between primary and secondary human activities.

 (d) Name six benefits of livestock keeping in Tanzania.

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5. Study the sketch map provided and answer the questions that follow:

1. Name the type of scale which has been used to represent this map.
2.  Mention three ways which can be used to measure the distance of the road in the sketch map.
3. Briefly describe three important basic components of a map.
4.  Convert the given scale into a statement.
5.  Mention three methods which can be used to calculate the area of the forest shown on the sketched map.

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6. Study the following climatic table and answer the questions that follow.

Station Y

Months	Jan	Feb	March	Apr	May	June	July	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Temp(0 C)	22.5	25	25	25.5	25.5	25.5	25.5	25.5	26.1	26.1	26.1	26.6
Rainfall(mm)	198	340	431	350	280	230	160	71	15	12	15	66

1.  Suggest the type of climate of station Y.
2.  Calculate the daily mean temperature.
3. Find the mean annual temperature.
4. Find the annual rainfall for station Y.
5. Mention any four crops that can be grown in station Y.

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SECTION C

7. Describe six consequences ofwater shortage to the communities.

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8. Explain five problems caused by mining industry in Tanzania.

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9. Describe six characteristics of small scale agriculture.

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10. Elaborate five advantages of developing solar system in Tanzania.

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2. Match the items in List A with the correct responses in List B by writing the letter for the correct response below the corresponding item number.

LIST B

LIST B

A coastal city state which was ruined by the Portuguese attacks. A town in which the Portuguese built the headquarters in East Africa. One of the famous local museum in Tanzania A trade centre which formed the core of the vast Empire called Songhai. A major slave market in East Africa.  One ofthe famous early iron - site in East Africa A ite in Kenya which contains remains of mans physical development and tools he made and used. A place which became famous for salt making in East Africa. A place which became famous in the production of copper A historical site in East Africa with paintings and drawings in caves.

.Mombasa .Isimila .Bagamoyo .Katanga .Taghaza .Kilwa .Meroe Rusinga island .Kondoa frangi  Zanzibar .Gao Nsogezi Kalenga Uvinza Ugweno

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3. Write True if the statement is correct or False if the statement is not correct in the space provided.

(i)Trans - Saharan Trade involved the exchange of goods between people of Northern and Eastern Africa ......

(ii)The development of Long Distance Trade in East Africa had a direct connection with the rise of Triangular Trade . ......

(iii)The Christian missionaries were against the abolition of slave trade.......

(iv)Industrial capitalism was characterized by open competition for markets and raw materials ...............

(v)The East African coast was known to Greeks and Romans as Azania ......

(vi) The most obvious result of the Mfecane was the depopulation of larger parts of southern Africa.....

(vii)Man learnt to keep animals during Early Stone Age . .......

(viii)The coming of Ngoni in East Africa led to shift from the small scale Ntemi system to weaker states ...............

(ix)The discovery of diamond turned South Africa from poor agricultural society to relatively rich industrial one ...............

(x)Written records refer to the study of our past as revealed by what has been handed down by word of mouth from one generation to another.

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4. Briefly explain the following terms:

(i) Feudalism ...............

(ii)Trans-Saharan Trade ........

(iii) Umwinyi .........

 (iv) Historical sites ...............

 (v) Carbon-14 ...............

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SECTION B

SECTION B

5.Arrange the following sentences in a chronological order by writing their roman numbers in the table provided.

(i)Development of Industrial Revolution in Europe created the need for raw materials, markets and areas for investment.

(ii)Successful treaties which were made between European agents and African rulers in 1880s marked the beginning of African colonization.

(iii)European governments sent different groups as agents of colonialism to explore African continent.

(iv)Agents of colonialism reported Africans economic potentials and the  evils of slave trade

(v)The British government and humanitarian associations pioneered the abolition of slave trade.

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6.Complete the following sentences in a chronological order by writing their roman numbers in the table provided....

(i)What caused the rapid expansion of white settlement to the southern African interior in the late of 1830s? .......

(ii)In which country is Nsongezi historical site found? .....

(iii)Which was the first group in the south - Western Cape to react against the early Dutch settlement? ......... ..........

(iv)Learning about the past by digging up and studying objects found in the ground is known as .......

(v)The Indian merchants who financed East African slave traders were called . ......

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7.Study this sketch map which shows trade routes during the 15^th century, and then answer the questions which follow.

(i)In the sketch map shown, which letter represents the continent which was the source of labour? . ....

(ii)Which letter represents the continent whose natives were known as Red Indians? ....

(iii)Through which ocean was the Triangular Slave Trade conducted?....

(iv)Which letter represents the continent which specialized in the production of raw materials such as cotton, sugar and tobacco?.....

(v)What is the name of the trade shown in the diagram?.....

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SECTION C

8. What were the effects of social interactions in pre-colonial African communities? Give six points.

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9. Explain six effects of Ngoni Migration in East Africa.

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10. Explain six factors that led to the development of trade in African societies during the pre colonial period.

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THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA NATIONAL EXAMINATION COUNCIL

 GEOGRAPHY FTNA 2017

SECTION A

1.For each of the following items (i) — (x), choose the correct answer from the given alternatives and write its letter.

(i)All meridians pass through:

1. the North and South Poles
2. the East and West poles
3. the Latitudes and Longitudes
4. the Greenwich meridian

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(ii)Which one of the following are block mountains?

1. Usambara, Sinai and Himalaya.
2. Andes, Atlas and Usambara.
3. Usambara, Ruwenzori and Sinai.
4. . Elgon, Uluguru and Usambara.

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(iii)A climate located between 5⁰ North and 5⁰ South of the Equator is called:

1. Savannah
2. Hot desert
3. Equatorial Monsoon
4. Equatorial

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(iv)Large scale crop cultivation is normally characterised by:

1. application of low technology
2. monoculture system
3. poor storage facilities
4. shifting cultivation

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(v)Which one of the following human activities is mostly affected by climate?

1. Fishing
2. Mining
3. Manufacturing
4. Farming

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(vi)A scale of a map is said to be enlarged when:

1. its denominator is increased
2. its denominator and numerator are the same
3. its denominator is reduced
4. its numerator is increased

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(vii)The process whereby water vapour is turned into water droplets is called:

1. evaporation
2. condensation
3. saturation
4. transpiration

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(viii) Metallurgical industries deal with:

1. machinery
2. jewellery
3. textile
4. food products

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(ix) Hot deserts are characterised by:

1. small range of temperature
2. two peaks of annual rainfall
3. large range of temperature
4. high temperature during the day and night.

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(x) The land of East Africa is mainly characterized by:

1. low lands valley
2. highlands plateau and lowlands basin
3. volcanic mountains and residue mountains
4. highlands and fold mountains.

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2. Match the items in List A with responses in List B by writing the letter of the correct response below the number of corresponding item in the table provided.

LIST A	LIST B
The movement of the earth around the sun. It occurs when the moon passes between the sun and the earth The angular distance north or south of equator. Occurs on 2 1st June when the sun is vertically overhead on the Tropic of Cancer. Divides the earth into two equal hemispheres.	Rotation of the earth Latitude Winter solstice Lunar eclipses Revolution Equator Solar eclipses Summer solstice

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3.In each of the following items (i) - (x), write TRUE if the statement is correct or FALSE if the statement is not correct.

(i)Ocean trenches are also known as submarine plateaus ....

(ii)Equator is not the Great Circle ...

(iii)An eclipse is described as partial when only a part of heavenly body is obscured .........

(iv)Maximum thermometer records both maximum temperature with a day........

(v)Grid reference and bearing are used to determine the position of a place on a map ....

(vi)A scale helps map interpreters to calculate distance, area and computation of other facts....

(vii)Ocean currents are set in motion by prevailing winds .........

(viii)Juvenile water is also referred as underground water .........

(ix)Circumnavigation of the earth is not among the evidence to prove that the earth is spherical......

(x)Uncontrolled deforestation does not expose soil Co erosion and extinction of fauna and flora species ..„.

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SECTION B

4.(a) Mention five sources of water in Tanzania.

(b) Mention five uses of water.

(c) Briefly describe the following terms:

(i)Hydrological cycle

(ii)Water conservation

(iii)Waterpohution

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5.(a) Outline five evidences to verify that the Earth is spherical.

<

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 (b) Briefly describe the following features of the continents

(i)Basin

(ii)Plateau

(iii)Valley

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(c) Differentiate the following terms:

 (i) Meteors and satellites

 (ii) Sea and lake

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6.(a) Outline four ways of determining direction of a place on a map.

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(b) List four features of the Representative Fraction (RF) scale.

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(c) Suggest two ways of measuring areas with irregular shapes.

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SECTION C

7.Describe five problems that face tourism industry in Tanzania.

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8.Elaborate five challenges for the development ofmining industry in Tanzania.

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9.Describe five problems facing transportation industry in East Africa

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10.Using examples, explain five problems facing livestock farming in Africa.

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THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA NATIONAL EXAMINATION COUNCIL

 GEOGRAPHY FTNA 2016

SECTION A

1. For each of the following items (i) - (X), choose the correct answer from the given alternatives and write its letter.

(i)Lines drawn on a map joining different places with the same pressure are called:

1. Isohyets
2. Isobars
3. Isotherms 
4.  Latitude

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(ii)The type of tourism which deals with visiting unaltered natural environment such as national parks, game reserves, coral reefs, forests and mountains in general can be termed as:

1.  Domestic tourism
2. Preserved tourism
3. Ecotourism
4.  Historical sites

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(iii)The following were the primary aims of establishing Tennessee Valley Authority except:

1. conserving soil
2. controlling floods
3. providing electricity
4. influencing plantation

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(iv)The place where mineral salts are found in Tanzania is:

1.  Uvinza
2. Mwadui
3. Songosongo 
4.  Kiwira

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(v)Which one of the following is a characteristic of water bodies?

1. Gain heat and lose it equally as the landmass
2. Lose heat and gain it more quickly than landmass 
3. Gain heat slowly and lose it more quickly than landmass 
4. Gain heat slowly and lose it more slowly than landmass

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(vi)Which one of the following are fold mountains?

1.  Himalaya, Black forest, Andes and Cape ranges
2.  Cape ranges Andes, Himalaya and Appalachians 
3.  Rockies, Andes, Alps and Atlas
4.  Ruwenzori, Rockies, Vosges and Himalaya.

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(vii)A great circle refers to:

1.  the Equator
2.  a line of longitude
3.  a circle on a globe
4.  the distance of the globe

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(viii)A feature formed as a result of either natural or artificial depression varying in size on the earth surface is called:

1.  Island arc
2.  Fold mountain
3.  Rift valley 
4.  Basin

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(ix)Which one among the following sentences describes a longitude?

1.  Angular distance North Or South of the Equator measured in degrees.
2.  Angular distance East and South of the Equator measured in degrees.
3.  Angular distance measured in degrees East or West of the Prime Meridian.
4.  Angular distance measured in degrees South and North of the Equator.

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(x) Which one of the following resources are non-renewable?

1.  Biogas, Oil and Wind
2.  Geo-thermal, Hydroelectricity and Biogas
3.  Oil, Coal and Gas
4.  Coal, Gas and Wind

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2.Match the items in ListA with responses in List B by writing the letter of th correct response below the number of the corresponding item in the table provided.

LIST A

LIST B

(i) The deposition of moisture from the atmosphere on the earths surface. (ii) A factor affecting temperature of a place. (iii) The hotness and coldness of a place or an object. (iv) The Suns rays that reach the surface of the earth. (v) A common form of precipitation falling from the atmosphere. (vi) A day-to-day condition of the atmosphere of a place. (vii) A thin layer of ice crystals deposited on objects on the ground. (viii) The state of the atmosphere in relation to the amount of water vapour it contains. (ix) The thin layer of water droplets suspended immediately above the ground. (x) A prediction of weather condition of a particular place at a given time.

Weather forecasting  Rainfall Frost Sunrise Humidity Temperature Weather station Mist Weather Precipitation Aspect  Sunshine

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3.For each of the following statements, write T if the statement is correct and F if the statement is not correct.

1. A dormant volcano is one that still experiences periodical eruptions
2. The rotation of the earth results into four seasons of a year .........
3.  Any circle which divides a globe into hemispheres is known as great circle ..........
4.  The energy produced due to the movement of water is tidal energy .........
5. The surface of the earth has two main features which are water bodies and land .........
6.  Transportation does not involve the movement of people and goods from one place to another .........
7.  Rainfall, wells, springs, rivers, lakes, seas and oceans in one word are called hydrological circle. ........ .
8.  Alluvial mining involves extracting minerals which usually occur deep to the earths surface .........
9. The solar system consists of the sun and its planets .........
10. Continental shelf, continental slope, deep sea plain, ocean ridges and ocean trenches are features of the ocean floor ......„.

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 4.(a) Mention five features of the ocean floor. 

(b) Name the five largest oceans in the world. 

(c) Mention five largest lakes in the world. 

(d) Differentiate the following terms: 

(i)Temperature and humidity 

(ii)Minimum and maximum thermometer 

 (iii) Pressure and wind 

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5.(a) Convert: 

(i)1:50,000 into statement scale. 

(ii)lcm to 4.57km into representative fraction scale. 

(iii)If the map distance of a certain river on a topographical map is 15 centimeters, calculate the actual ground distance of that river in kilometers given that the map scale is 1:50,000. 

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(b) (i) Give a difference between Sketch maps and Atlas maps. 

(ii) Give three types of northings. 

(iii) Name two types of grid reference systems. 

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(c) Study the map provided then answer all the questions that follow.  

(i) Calculate the area of the maize farm in km. 

(ii) Find the grid reference of point B.

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SECTION C

6. Describe five factors for the location of manufacturing industries in the world.

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7. Explain five problems that are facing the Rufiji basin project in Tanzania.

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8. Elaborate five problems facing the development of mining industry in Tanzania.

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9. Explain five disadvantages of air transport to a country like Tanzania.

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10. Describe five factors which enhance a conducive environment for generation of energy.

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THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA NATIONAL EXAMINATION COUNCIL

 GEOGRAPHY FTNA 2015

SECTION A

1. For each of the following items (i) — (x), choose the correct answer from the given alternatives and write its letter.

(i)Environment refers to:

1. living and non-living organisms
2. living organisms, houses and water
3. all things surrounding human beings
4. plants, domestic animals and houses

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(ii)The main source of energy on the earth is:

1.  wind 
2. water
3. the sun 
4. natural gas

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(iii)Which of the following occurs when three heavenly bodies are in one line?

1. Eclipse 
2.  Solstice
3.  Equinox 
4.  Solar system

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(iv) Which of the following is an advantage of land reclamation?

1.  Soil fertility 
2.  Soil erosion
3.  Increase of land 
4.  Decrease of production

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(v) Which of the following is the compass bearing of South West?

1. 315 ⁰ 
2.  225 ⁰
3.  045 ⁰ 
4.  135 ⁰

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(vi) The part of the earth which forms continental crust is called:

1.  Sima 
2.  Sial
3.  Core 
4.  Crust

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(vii) The temperature of Pwani which O meters above sea level is 20⁰ Centigrade. What is the approximate temperature for a place 3000 meters above sea level?

1.  2 ⁰C

2. 2.5 ⁰ C

3. 18 ⁰ C

4. 0.2 ⁰ C

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(viii)The system of growing one dominant crop is called:

1. sedentary 
2. monoculture 
3. mixed farming 
4. pastoralism

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(ix) Which among the following are the economic uses of water bodies ?

1. Domestic and industrial 
2. Washing and transportation
3. Industrial and irrigation
4. Irrigation and drinking

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(x) Trees with shallow roots which can tolerate salt condition of sea water are called:

1. coniferous
2. rainforest
3. mangroves
4. thickets

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2. Match each item in List A with a correct response in List B by writing its letter bellow the number of the corresponding item in the table provided.

LIST A

LIST B

Keeping a large number of livestock by moving from one area to another in search of water and pasture. Grazing of livestock in natural pasture land. Rearing livestock in an extensive area for commercial purpose. Seasonal movements of herdsmen between lowland and highlands in search of water and pasture. Rearing of livestock for production of milk. Transitional system between total nomadism and sedentary livestock keeping. Keeping of livestock for meat, hides, and wool. Rearing of fowls, ducks and geese for meat and eggs. Keeping a small number of livestock in a shed. System of rearing of livestock and cultivation of crops.

Poultry farming Nomadic Dairy farming Transhumance Mono culture Pastoralism Mixed farming Ranching Agriculture Beef farming Sedentary livestock keeping Semi nomadic

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3.For each of the following statements, write T if the statement is correct and F if the statement is not correct.

(i)Forests are always natural .........

(ii)247.5⁰ represents the NNW direction. . ........

(iii)Sustainable mining does not ensure that minerals serve humans for a long time. .........

(iv)Continental shelf is a long and fairly narrow raised part of ocean floor.

(v)Cultural diversity, wildlife, good climate and landscape may favor development of tourism .........

(vi)Hydrosphere refers to water masses. .........

(vii) The Stevenson screen is painted white to reflect light from the moon.

(viii)Renewable energy resources cannot be finished. .........

(ix)Availability of raw materials is not necessary for development of manufacturing industries.

(x) Rotation of the earth causes difference in time between places. .........

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4. (a) Mention three ways of locating places on maps.

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(b) Name three methods used to measure distance of linear features on a map.

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(c) Giving one example for each, name the three ways of expressing scale of a map.

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(d) Mention three human activities which cause forests destruction.

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5. (a) Distinguish the following terms:

1.  Solar system and solar energy
2. Raw materials and manufacturing industries
3. Map and scale of a map 
4. Plateau and mountain
   

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(b)

1. Define lunar eclipse.
2. Draw a well labelled diagram to show lunar eclipse.

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SECTION B

6. Explain five measures which can be taken to ensure the sustainability of forests in Tanzania.

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7.Describe five negative effects of crop cultivation to the environment.

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8. Describe five uses of petroleum in Tanzania.

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9. Explain six advantages of water bodies to human life.

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10. Elaborate five tourist honeypots found in Tanzania.

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(i)         Which among the following causes deflation of winds and ocean currents?

1. Revolution
2. Rotation
3. Sunrise
4. Eclipse 

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(ii)       Which among the following are earths movements? 

1. Rotation during day and night.
2. Revolution during the day and night
3. Revolution around the sun and rotation on its axis
4. Revolution around the sun.

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(iii)      Sea breeze is formed when wind blows from:

1.   land to sea 
2.   sea to land 
3.   land to sea  
4.    sea to land 

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(iv)      Dar es Salaam at sea level has a temperature of 32 ⁰ C. What will be the temperature in Arusha 1500 meters above sea level?

1.    3.2 ⁰C
2.    23 ⁰C
3.    17 ⁰ c  
4.    0.6 ⁰C

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(v)       Natural gas mining site in Tanzania is located at:

1. Mwadui 
2. Mererani 
3. Geita      
4. Songosongo 

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(vi)      Which among the following is the compass bearing of North?

1. 90 ⁰ 
2. 180⁰
3.    0⁰    
   
4. 45 ⁰

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(vii)    The dominant climatic condition of East Africa is known as.

1. tropical grasslands 
2. mediterranean
3. desert      
4. equatorial

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(viii)          Contours are lines drawn on maps to join places with the same:

1.    height between mountains
2.    altitude above sea level 
3.  areas between valleys
4.  features in mountains.

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(ix)     The keeping of livestock on an extensive land without grazing is called:

1. pastoralism
2. nomadism
3. ranching    
4. arming

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(x)      Hydro Electric Power is produced by the force of:

1. water
2. moving water
3. large volume of water
4. constant water

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 (i)        Branches of Geography include:

1. human, economic and regional
2. physical, regional and practical
3. practical, human and regional
4. practical, environmental and regional

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(ii)      The arrangement of planets and solid objects in the space in relation to the position from the sun is referred to as solar:

1. energy  
2. panels 
3. power    
4. system         

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(iii)    The farthest position of the earth from the sun is known as:

1. aphelion
2. equinox
3. perihelion 
4. solstice  

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(iv)     If the time atplace X (45⁰E) is 10.00 a.m, what will be the time of a place Y (45⁰1M)?

1. 10.00 p.m.
2. 10.00 a.m.
3. 04.00 p.m.    
4. 04.00 a.m.

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(v)      Which of the following gives a proof that the earth is spherical in shape?

1. circumnavigation of the earth, solar eclipse and lunar eclipse
2. Great circles, longitudes and small circles
3.  Lunar eclipse, the planets and the earths orbit
4. Ships visibility, lunar eclipse and aerial photograph

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(vi)     The features resulting from eruption of molten rocks are:

1. Block Mountains
2. fold Mountains
3. residual mountains
4. volcanic mountains

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(vii)   The major features rising above the surface of ocean water and important for tourism are called:

1. continental shelf
2. continental slope
3. ocean island  
4. ocean plain  

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(viii)  The condition ofthe atmosphere recorded over a long period of time is:

1.   climate
2.   pressure
3.   temperature
4.   weather

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(ix)      A representative scale of 1:250,000 can be represented by a statement scale of:

1. 2 cm to 2.5km
2. 2 cm to 25km
3. 1 cm to 2.5km    
4. 1 cm to 250,000km

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(x)       The grid reference of point B is 361585. What are the numbers of the Eastings and Northings?

1. 585 are Eastings and 361 are Northings
2. 361 are Eastings and 585 are Northings
3. 36.1 are Eastings and 58.5 are Northings
4. 36 are Eastings and 58 are Northings 

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(i)         Movement of farmers seasonally with their animals from one grazing ground to another in search for pasture and water:

A.          nomadism              

B.     pastoralism

              c.      sedentary farming             

              D.     transhumance

(ii)        An angular distance measured in degrees East and West of the Prime Meridian:

A.          Equator    

B.     Latitude

              C.     Longitude                                    

              D.     Tropic of Cancer

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(iii)      The occurrence of summer, winter, autumn and spring is a result of:

A.          Ferrels law            

B.     revolution of the earth

             C.      rotation of the earth          

             D.      tilting of the earth on its axis

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(iv)      Summer months in the Northern Hemisphere are:

A.          December, January and February

B.          June, July and August

C.          March, April and May

D.          September, October and November

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 (v)        One of the common characteristics between nomadic pastoralism and shifting cultivation is that people have:

A.          advanced in technology

B.          good standard of living

C.          high crop production

D.          no permanent settlement

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(vi)      Which among the following statements explains the importance of Geography?

A.          Acquire skills of mechanism

B.          Develop awareness of living organisms 

C.     Expand our knowledge of technology

D.     Gain skills of observation, measuring and recording.

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(vii) The wise use and control of water resources is known as water:

A. controlling 

B. development 

C. management 

D. resources

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(viii)The following features are found in the ocean:

A.         basin, ridge, plain and dunes

B.         continental shelf, continental slope and trench

C.         ridge, basin, plateau and water falls D. trench, ridge, plain and dune

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(ix)  The extraction of minerals close to the earth is referred to as:

A.         alluvial mining        

B.     open cast mining

       C.      placer mining           

       D.     underground mining

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(x)    Although the earth is in motion all the time, we do not feel its motion.

This is due to the reason that we are:

A.       in the earth    

B.    moving against the motion

       C.    moving with it                

       D.    on the earth

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(i) The needle of a compass point to the:

1. Grid North
2. Magnetic Field
3. North Pole
4. Pole Star

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 (ii) The height above the sea level is called:

1. Altitude
2. Contours
3. Latitude
4. Oceans

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(iii)    If the local time at place A (30 ⁰ N, 30 ⁰ E) is 8.00 a.m., what will be the local time at place B (27 ^O N, 12 ⁰ E)?

A.   6.28 a.m. 

B. 6.28 p.m. 

C. 9.32 a.m.         

 D. 9.32 p.m.

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(iv)  Block mountains are formed through:

1. earthquakes
2. faulting
3. folding
4. vulcanicity

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(v)  An area where a river system collects its water is called:

1. catchment area
2. lake
3. tributary
4. watershed

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(vi)  Pangani town at the sea level has a temperature of 32 ⁰ C. What is the temperature of Ruaha 1500 metres above sea level?

1. 0.6⁰ C 
2. 9 ⁰ C
3. 21⁰ C
4. 23 ⁰ C

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(vii)   The grid reference of station Q is 888666. What are the number of Eastings and Northings?

A.         666 are Northings and 888 are Eastings

B.         868 are Eastings and 668 are Northings

C.         886 are Eastings and 668 are Northings

D.         888 are Northings and 666 are Eastings

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(ix) If given different kinds of R.F. scales, the smallest scale has the:

1. biggest denominator
2. biggest numerator
3. smallest denominator
4. smallest numerator

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 A ship moves to the West and crosses the International Date Line (IDL).

What happens with regards to time gained or lost?

A.         No time is gained or lost

B.         One whole day is gained

C.         One whole day is lost

D.         One whole day is repeated

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(i)  Which one of the following planets has the shortest orbit around the Sun?

1. Earth
2. Mercury
3. Pluto
4. Pluto

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(ii)      People living in Dar es Salaam see the sun earlier than in Kigoma. What does this fact indicate?

A.         People in Kigoma sleep longer

B.         The earth rotates from East to West

C.         The earth rotates from West to East

D.         There are many hills and mountains in Kigoma

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(iii)    Which one of the following is not an element of weather?

A.  Altitude 

B. Cloud cover

C. Precipitation 

D. Wind

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(iv)     The boundary between one drainage basin and the next is known as:

A.         basin zone

B.         distributaries

C.         tributary

D.         water divide

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(v)      Solar eclipse occurs when:

A.   one body passes between the two bodies

B.   the earth passes between the moon and sun 

C. the earth passes between the sun and moon

D. the moon passes between the earth and sun

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(vi)     One of the following explains on how plants maintain continuous growth in the equatorial climate:

A.   evenly distribution of rainfall and constant temperature

B.  temperature is always high

C.  there is an abundance of water

D.  there is no strong wind

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(vii)   The mantle is the second layer of the earth which consists of:

A. iron and manganese silicates      

B. iron and nickel

              C. sial and sima                                

             D. uranium and iron

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(viii)One of the following is the agricultural method used to restore back the fertility of the soil:

A.  crop rotation by planting leguminous plants

B.  monoculture system of agriculture

C.  terracing system

D.  the use of tractor during cultivation and harvesting

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(ix)     As someone ascends in altitude the temperature tends to:

A.  decrease and increase at the same time

B.  decrease at the rate of 0.6⁰C for every 100 metres

C.    increase at the rate of 0.6⁰C

 D. remain constant

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(x)      Identify the correct process of rain formation:

 A. cooling, evaporation, condensation, and precipitation

B.         evaporation, cooling, condensation, and rainfall

C.         evaporation, cooling, precipitation, and rainfall

D.  evaporation, precipitation, condensation, and cooling

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 (i)        Crater lakes are most likely to be formed in

1. areas of fold mountains
2.  intensively faulted areas
3.  downwarped areas
4.  regions where subsidence is taking place
5.  areas of active vulcanicity.

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(ii)       Which one of the following is not associated with earthquakes?

1.   Body waves
2.  Geyser
3.  Richter scale
4. Seismograph
5. Focus.

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(iii)      If the time at town X 15°E is 12.00 noon, what could be the longitude of town Y if it is

8.00 a.m?

1.   15°W
2. 30°E
3. 45°W
4. 30°W
5. 45°E

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(iv)      Which one of the following, by origin and composition is not a form of igneous rocks?

1.  Sill
2. Gypsum
3. Lava plain
4. Volcano
5. Granite. 

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 (v)       One of the following features is a product of weathering:

1. Earth pillar
2. Gully
3.  Lilly
4.  Hot springs
5.   Soil creep. 

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(vi)       The process of river erosion where fragments are worn out during collision against each other is termed as

1.  hydraulic action
2. attrition
3. abrasion
4.   corrosion
5.  hydrolysis.

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(vii)      A scale of 4 cm representing 18 km on the ground will be represented by representative fraction (R.F) scale as

1.  1 : 900000
2. 1 : 1800000
3.  1 : 450000
4. 2 : 900000
5. 1 ? 10,000

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 (viii)    Which one of the following owes its origin to deflation?

1. Qattara depression
2. Lake turkana
3. Tekekitarn
4. Lake Chad
5.  Lake Victoria. 

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 (ix)      The presence of paired terraces on both sides of a river valley indicates that

1.   river capture has taken place
2.  lateral erosion is dominant
3.  sea level has risen
4. rejuvenation has taken place
5. truncated spurs have retreated.

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(x)       A good example of intrusive igneous rocks is

1.  gneiss
2. basalt
3.  gabbro
4.  marble
5. limestone.

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(i) Geography is the study of:

A.   soil and the atmosphere

B.   human activities and his environment

C.   the physical environment

D. the human environment

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(ii)       If it is 3.00 p.m. at Mwanza 33 ⁰ E in Tanzania, what will be the time at Bangladesh 50⁰E?

A.  10.00 a.m. 

B. 4.32 p.m. 

C. 4.08 p.m. 

D. 5.00 p.m.

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(iii)  The distance between two crests is called:

1. anticline
2. syncline
3. trough
4. wave length 

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(iv) Pastoralism whereby animals are given feeds in a shed without making them go out in the field is called:

1.  zero grazing
2. nomadic pastoralism
3. mixed pastoralism
4. sedentary pastoralism 

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(v)       If the temperature at Morogoro 800m is 20 ⁰C, what will be the temperature at Karatu 1400m above sea level?

A. 40.O^OC     

B. 31.6⁰C

            C. 24.4⁰C                                            

            D. 24.3 ⁰C

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(vi) Water and air currents do not move in straight lines due to spinning effect of the earth. The term used to describe this is;

1. deflection
2. reflection
3. direction
4. refraction 

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(vii) WSW compass direction is equivalent to the following compass bearing:

 A. 247.5⁰               

 B. 135 ⁰

            C. 225⁰                                                                          

            D. 250⁰

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      (viii) Which of the following mountains is the block Mountains?            

        A. Atlas                                  

        B. Ruwenzori

        C. Rocky                               

        D. Drakensberg

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     (ix) If the ground distance between two points is 13km, what will be the map distance if the scale is lcm to 0.5km?

       A. 13.0cm         

       B. 26cm

       C. 13.0km                             

       D. 6.5cm

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(x) Which of the following resources are non-renewable?

A. Biogas, oil and wind

B. Coal, gas and oil

C.  Geo-thermal, biogas and solar energy

D.   Wind, coal and electricity

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(iii)The feature resulting from eruption of molten rocks of the mantles is a:

1. block mountain
2. fold mountain
3. volcanic mountain
4. residual mountain

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(iv)  A large part of the Southern Hemisphere is:

1. open water
2. land mass
3. volcanic mountain
4. dark soil water

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(v)    Which of the following pairs is not a correct association?

       A.  Isobar and pressure

       B.  Isobar and sunshine

     C. Isotherms and temperature

     D. Isohyets and rainfall

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(vi)  What is the temperature of Arusha 1400m above sea level when it is 28⁰C at Tanga 800m. above sea level?

    A. 31.6⁰C        

    B. 3.6⁰C

         C. 24⁰C                                               

         D. 24.4⁰C

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(vii)   Water vapour changes into water droplets in the process known as:

      A.  evaporation            

    B. saturation

         C. condensation                    

         D. sublimation

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     (viii)The condition of. atmosphere recorded over a long period of time is:

A.        weather

B.        climate

C.        temperature

D.        atmospheric temperature

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        (ix)     Grid reference B is 361585. What are the numbers of the Eastings and Northings?

A.        585 are Eastings and 361 are Northings

B.        36.1 are Eastings and 58.5 Northings

C.        36 are Eastings and 58 are Northings

D.        361 are Eastings and 585 are Northings

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(x)      The following is the outcome of the economic importance of land reclamation:

A.        soil erosion and fertility

B.        land degradation

C.        land erosion and soil erosion

D.       increased land production capacity

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(i)        The central body of the solar system is:

   A.  The planets 

   B. The sun

          C. The moon               

          D. The earth

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(ii)      The spinning of the earth on its own axis is known as:

  A. Rotation          

  B. Revolution

  C. Day and night     

  D. Distance

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(iii)    If it is 3.00 p.m. at Bukoba 33 ⁰ E in Tanzania what will be the time at Tehran 50 ⁰ E in Iran?

  A. 10.00 a.m.   

  B. 4.08 p.m.

         C. 4.32 p.m.                                      

         D. 10.00 p.m.

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(iv)      Morogoro at 800m above sea level has a temperature reading of 28 ⁰ C. Determine the temperature of Karatu which is located at 1400 metres above sea level.

  A. 31.6 ⁰ C            

  B. 3.6 ⁰ C

         C. 24⁰ C                                               

         D. 24.4⁰ C

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(v)      The side of a mountain facing the direction of the wind is known as:

A. Leeward side 

B. Fore side

       C. Backward side               

       D. Windward side

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(vi)     A ship moves to the West and crosses the International Date Line. What  happens with regard to time gained or lost?

 A. No time is gained or lost

 B. One whole day is lost

 C. One whole day is gained 

 D. One whole day is repeated

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 (viii)The big difference between the readings of a Wet Bulb Thermometer and Dry Bulb Thermometer indicates that:

          A. Humidity is low

B. The air is saturated with water vapour

C. Humidity is high 

D. There is low evaporation

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(x) What is the compass bearing of North North West (NNW)?

       A. 337+⁰                      

       B. 048⁰                                        

       C. 220⁰                           

        D. 315⁰

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       (i) The farthest position from the sun in the orbit of earth is called:

A.  Lunar eclipse

B.   Aphelion

C.    Umbra

D.  Perihelion

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(ii)      The angular distance measured in degrees North and South of the Equator is known as:

A.          Great circles

B.          Longitude

C.          Altitude

D.          Latitude

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(iii)      The atmosphere is said to be humid only when:

A.     it contains water vapour

B.      it is unsaturated with water vapour

C.   it is saturated with water vapour  

D. it does not contain water vapour

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(iv)       A statement scale of one centimetre representing half a kilometre can be represented in representative fraction as:

A.1:250,000

B. 1:50,000

C. 1:100,000

D. 1:25,000

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(v)      Water and air currents do not move in straight lines due to spinning effect of the earth. The term used to describe this situation is:

A.    Deflation

B.   Reflection

C. Direction

              D. Deflection

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(vi)   If it is 3:00 p.m. at Mwanza 33 ⁰ E in Tanzania, what will be the time at Tehran 50 ⁰ E in Iran?

A.         4:08 p.m.

B.         1:52 p.m. C. 10:00 a.m.

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(vii)Siberia is to the East of the International Date Line (IDL) and Alaska is to the West. If one from Siberia crosses the line to Alaska he/she:

A.         Gains a day

B.         Loses a day

C.         Gains and loses a day at the same time

D.         None of the above

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(viii)        Dar es Salaam at sea level has a temperature of 32 ⁰C. What will be the   temperature of a place in Arusha 1,500 metres above sea level?

A.         41 ⁰C

B.         23 ⁰ C

C.         9 ⁰ C

D.        0.6⁰ C            

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(ix)   One of the following groups are features of the ocean floor:

A.         Ridge, basin, plateau and waterfalls

B.         Continental shelf, basin and water falls

C.         Trench, continental shelf and continental slope

---

D.         Horst, plain, basin and volcano

(x)     The Grid reference of station X is 612825. What are the numbers of the Eastings and the Northings?

A.         825 are Northings and 612 are Eastings

B.      282 are Eastings and 625 are Northings

C.      825 are Eastings and 612 are Northings 

D.     228 are Northings and 825 are Eastings

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(i)       The time recorded along the same meridian is called:

A.        Local mean time         

B. Greenwich Mean Time

        C. Great Mean Time          

        D. Standard time

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(ii)     The following planet has 8 satellites:

A.        Mars  

B. Jupiter 

C. Neptune 

D. Saturn

---

(iii)   Fold mountains are mainly produced by:

A.        Tension force 

B. Earthquakes 

C. Compression force 

D. Faulting

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(iv)  Part of the earth which forms continental blocks is: 

A. Sima                

B. Core 

C.  Sial                                              

D. Hydrosphere

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(v)     What is the local mean time of Dar es Salaam at 45 ⁰E when it noon at

Greenwich?

A.        10.00 a.m. 

B. 7:00 p.m.

 C. 3.00 p.m. 

D. 8:00 p.m.

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(vi)   The only type of climate that is different from the others is:

A.        Mediterranean         

B. Savanna

        C. Hot desert 

        D. Equatorial

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(vii)Wind blows from:

A.        Low altitude to high altitude

B.        Low pressure to high pressure zone

C.        High pressure to low pressure zone 

D. Sea to land during nights

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(viii)Which is the largest among the following scales?

1. 1:25,000
2. 1:500,000
3. 1:50,000
4. 1:10,000

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(ix)      Identify the incorrect association in the following pairs:

A.   Isobar and sunshine

B.   Isobar and pressure

C.  Isotherm and temperature 

D. Isohyets and rainfall

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(x)       WSW compass direction is equivalent to the following compass bearing:

A.   225⁰         

B. 135 ⁰     

C.   245.50    

 D. 247.5⁰

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