TANZANIA HEADS OF ISLAMIC SCHOOLS COUNCIL 

 FORM TWO INTER ISLAMIC MOCK EXAMINATION 

 INFORMATION AND COMPUTER STUDIES 

 Instructions 

1. This paper consists of sections A, B, and C, with a total of ten (10) questions.
2. Answer all questions in each section.
3. Sections A and C carry 15 marks each, and section B carries Seventy (70) marks.
4. All answers must be written in the spaces provided.
5. All writings must be in blue or black ink except drawings, which must be in pencil.
6. All communication devices, calculators, and any unauthorized materials are not allowed in the examination room.
7. Write your Assessment Number at the top right corner of every page.

SECTION A (15 Marks)

Answer all questions in this section. 

1. For each of the following items (i)-(x), choose the correct answer from among the given alternatives and write its letter beside the item number in the box provided.

(i) ___________allows a hacker to remotely control the victim's computer to collect passwords and credit card numbers.

1. Worm
2. Logic bomb
3. Trojan horse
4. Spyware

(ii) In your basic computer course test, a question required you to identify various functions of the UPS, except for one that is not. What is it?

1. to prevent power surge 
2. to provide stable power
3. to provide the primary power source
4. to supply power during the power cut

(iii) In ICS class, a student was asked to name a memory that stores programmed instructions and data permanently. What was that part?

1. RAM 
2. ROM
3. Registers 
4. Buffers

(iv) Imagine you are in a spreadsheet typing. Which of the following is an example of an absolute cell reference in the sheet?

1. 2$B 
2.  $A1
3. $B$1 
4. $A$B

(v) The main board which enables the communication between devices in the computer is known as _____________

1. Memory board 
2. Hardboard
3. Computer board 
4. Motherboard

(vi) Given the cells B2, B3, B4, and C1 with values 3, 5, 10, and 13, respectively, what will be the output when the function "f = MIN (B2: B4)" is applied?

1. 4 
2. 3
3. 18 
4. 31

(vii) Andunje was typing on his keyboard, but he didn't know which keys were preferred for a special purpose in a personal computer. Could you help him to identify them?

1. F1, F2, F3 up to F12.
2. A to Z, tabs, Caps lock, and 0 – 9
3. Arrow keys, Tabs, and Home key
4. SHIFT, Ctrl, Alt, and ESC

(viii) MS Word processor supports enhancements to the document's appearance, making font type and style more appealing. What action classifies this feature of a word processor?

1. Creating document 
2. Editing document
3. Formatting documents 
4. Decorating documents

(ix) Which device would you use to connect seven computers so that they can share the same bandwidth in your computer room?

1. Switch 
2. Router
3. Hub 
4. Modem

(x) Which of the following is a technical term for a computer that can be accessed by an internet user using another computer or device from far away?

1. Local computer 
2. Remote computer
3.  Client computer
4.  Web computer

2. Match the edit menu commands in List A with their shortcut keys in List B by writing the letter of the correct response in the box provided.

LIST A	LIST B
	Its shortcut key on a keyboard is Ctrl+Shift + + (plus sign). Its shortcut key on a keyboard is Ctrl+S Its shortcut key on a keyboard is Ctrl+C Its shortcut key on a keyboard is Ctrl+X Its shortcut key on a keyboard is Ctrl+V Its shortcut key on a keyboard is Ctrl+P Its shortcut key on a keyboard is Ctrl+B

 SECTION B (70 Marks)

Answer all questions from this section

3. Your ICS teacher has assigned you to write the functions of the following features as they are used in Microsoft Word. What will you write?

1. Thesaurus:
2. Find and Replace
3. Spelling checker
4. Autocorrect
5. Header and footer

4. a) Students were instructed to prepare for a test to assess their understanding of computer generations. The first question came, saying , "State the significant distinctions between the first and the third generation computers" (Five points)

b) Computers need electricity to function. Which ways will you use to protect your computer from power fluctuation (give any three points)

5. Frimina was typing a report on her desktop computer. Unfortunately, the power cut off before she could save her report, and her computer shut down.

1. Do you think Frimina will find her report when the power is back? Give a reason for your answer.
2. Which memory was used to store Frimina's unsaved data?
3. Give the other two characteristics of such memory mentioned in (ii) above.
4. Which device do you recommend for preventing the loss of unsaved data in the event of a power outage? 

6. A computer cannot function or start without an Operating system. This means the Operating system has a paramount function in a computer. As an ICS student, briefly explain the five functions of the system.

7. Mr. Kindoli taught his students how to classify computers according to various criteria. You are one of the students who attended his class. Briefly explain the following types of computers.

1. General Purpose computer:
2. Digital Computer
3. Supercomputer
4. Hybrid Computer

8. Libanji was given the figure below, which shows data entered into the spreadsheet program, and then instructed to answer the questions that follow.

1. Apart from performing calculations, state any other two features of the spreadsheet.
2. What is the cell reference of the active cell?
3. What feature is used in row 1 to make the text appear as a single cell in columns A to D?
4. State the meaning of the error displayed in cell D6, then suggest the possible solution for each.
5. Write a spreadsheet formula to find the product in cell D3 provided that: Product = 15% * (quantity * per unit)
6. Write a spreadsheet formula to find the total quantity.
7. Write a spreadsheet formula used to display the maximum per unit cost.

9. a) What type of network device will you use in each of the following demands

1. Transmitting high bandwidth such as video and TV transmission
2. Connecting computers on Local Area Network.
3. Transferring data at Faster speed.
4. Connecting devices by forwarding data from different sides.
5. Used for modulation and demodulation.

b) With the aid of a diagram, describe how you will connect the LAN using cables only, with all computers connected via a backbone cable.

SECTION C (15 Marks)

Answer question ten (10)

10. Mr. Ryan, a director of "The Eagles Company Ltd," was needed to send mail to his coworkers about the needs of the company. He is about to choose electronic mail instead of a traditional postal system. Explain four advantages and two disadvantages of the method he wanted to choose.

THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA PRESIDENT’S OFFICE REGIONAL ADMINISTRATION AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT

TUNDUMA TOWN COUNCIL AND ILEJE DISTRICT COUNCIL

FORM TWO PRE-NECTA EXAMINATION  

 INFORMATION AND COMPUTER STUDIES (ICS)

 TIME: 2:30 Hours SEPTEMBER: 2025

Instructions

1. This paper consists section A, B and C with a total of ten (10) questions.
2. Answer all questions in both sections.
3. Section A and C carry fifteen (15) marks each and section B carry seventy (70) marks.
4. Write your answer in the space provided
5. All communication devices are not allowed in the examination room.
6. Cellular phones and any unauthorized materials are not allowed in the Examination room.
7. Write your Examination Number on the top right hand corner of every page.

SECTION A (15 MARKS)

Answer all questions in this section

1. For each of the following items (i) - (x), choose the correct answer and write its letter in the space provided.

(i) An input device:

1. Accepts data and converts it into a form suitable for computer processing
2. Allows the computer to manage its own resources
3. Stores software and data in a form that is permanent
4. Transmits computer digital signal over the telephone lines

(ii) The computer keyboard has a key that is used for spacing. The key is called :

1. Back space 
2. Enter 
3. Shift 
4. Space bar

(iii) To boot a computer means to:

1. Install a computer
2. Service a computer
3. Start/restart a computer
4. Switch off a computer

(iv) The statement 'They are going outside to play football' is which of these?

1. Data 
2. Information 
3. Knowledge 
4. Computer

(v) When data is required to be stored on a long term basis, it is stored on: 

1. Main storage. 
2. Monitor 
3. Primary storage 
4. Secondary storage

(vi) The following computers are classified based on power and speed, except

1. Minicomputers
2. Super computers
3. Digital computers
4. Mainframe computers

(vii) Which of the following is a characteristics of the best source of information

1. Audio ability
2. Multimedia ability
3. Pictures access ability
4. Video ability

(viii) Which of these printers would be the most suitable for printing a large number of high quality black and white printouts

1. Laser printer
2. Dot matrix printer
3. plotter
4. scanner

(ix) Running multiple programs at the same time is called:

1. Multitasking
2. Foreground tasking 
3. Single tasking
4. Symmetric

(x) What is the most suitable input device for highlighting or selecting an object on the screen?

1. Joystick
2. Mouse
3. Keyboard
4. Touch screen

2. Match the item in the List A with the correct item in the List B by writing its letter below the number of the corresponding item in List A in the table provided. The diagram in list B is a computer block diagram.

Answers

SECTION B (70) MARKS

3. a) What is word processing program?

b) Show systematically, how you will start word processing program

c) Label the indicated parts of window document below:

4. (a) Give two examples of word-processing.

(b) Give short notes on each of the following:

1. i. Editing
2. ii. Formatting

5. (a) Form 2 students learned about computer generation as computer specialist list four generation of computer and language used in each generation

(b) The school manager asked form two student to differentiate digital computers from analog computers. Assume you were among of them respond to the given task by manager

c) A village man at Kitangari wanted to be educated on computer devices. Name four early computing devices that were made by a man.

6. (a) With one example define computer hardware

b) In brief show the relationship between hardware and software

c) Explain one function of the following parts of computer

1. CPU
2. ALU
3. RAM
4. ROM

d) With examples differentiate primary storage from secondary storage

7. a) A software engineer at Kiduni village had project on creation of different software according to their function differentiate to him two types of computer software.

b). with two examples define operating system

c) Explain how the concept of Artificial intelligence is applicable in daily life.

d) With examples, mention five communication media in Tanzania

8. Write steps required to perform the following tasks as the computer skilled personnel

1. Switching the computer on
2. Shutting down the windows 10 computer
3. Create and rename files on desktop

9. (a) Define the term computer handling

(b) Computer evolution relates with technology level that has been used, complete the following table which shows computer generation and components used in circuit composition.

(c) List three advantages of using an Uninterruptible Power Supply

SECTION C (15 MARKS)

10. Suppose you are a computer specialist and you have given an opportunity to educate people at LUPA district who have no knowledge on computer at all. Explain to them five feature of computer.

THE NITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA, PRESIDENT’S OFFICE REGIONAL ADMINISTRATION AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT

CHAMWINO DISTRICT COUNCIL

FORM TWO PRE-NATIONAL EXAMINATION

036 INFORMATION AND COMPUTER STUDIES

TIME : 2:30 Hours Sep. 2025

PRESIDENT’S OFFICE REGIONAL ADMINISTRATION AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT

CATHOLIC SCHOOLS ACADEMIC UNION(CASAU)

FORM TWO PRE NATIONAL ASSESSMENT

036 INFORMATION AND COMPUTER STUDIES

SECTION A (20 Marks)

Answer all questions in this section.

1. For each of the following items (i) - (x), choose the correct answer from among the given alternatives and write its letter in the box provided.

i. Why is it advised to set a strong password in the computer?

1. To restrict unauthorised user 
2. To minimize computer virus 
3. To reduce unauthorized program
4. To prevent computer damage 

ii. What does the term software mean?

1. An instruction followed by a computer 
2. The results of computer processing 
3. An alternative word for hardware
4. Tangible part of the computer 

iii. The use of copyrighted software without the permission of the owner.

1. Fraud 
2. Piracy 
3. Sabotage
4. Hacker

iv. What is the main function of CTRL + F keys combination when applied in a Microsoft word program?

1. Save the current file/document 
2. Open a find text dialog box 
3. Open the format dialog box
4. Find command in a document

v. Why Central Processing Unit (CPU) is regarded as the brain of the computer? 

1. It saves all current data
2. It controls all input/output devices
3. It takes all decisions and processing activities
4. It controls execution and of application programs

vi. What does the term data represent?

1. Processed information 
2. Unprocessed fact and figures 
3. Processed fact and figures
4. Meaningful information

vii. Which one is an example of application package?

1. Operating system 
2. Printer drivers 
3. A payroll programs
4. Paper user guide

viii. What is the name of communication channel between the user and application program that provides information such as current page, current page, current section, total number of pages, total number of words, the language used, current line number and current column number?

1. Title bar 
2. Menu bar 
3. Document window
4. Status bar

ix. Suppose you want to find and download software suitable for protecting viruses in your computer from the internet. Which program would you use to get a particular program?

1. Google mail 
2. Web developer 
3. Internet box engine
4. Google search engine

x. What is the main difference between data and information is;

1. Data is the processed raw facts and numbers while information is a processed data 
2. Data is a raw fact and figure that is not processed while information is a processed data 
3. Data is meaningless while information is useless.
4. Data can be used in decision making while information cannot be used

2. Match the following functions of input devices in List A with their corresponding devices in List B by writing the letter of the correct corresponding device below the item number in the table provided.

Answers:

SECTION B (70 Marks)

Answer all questions in this section.

3. (i) What is data processing?

(ii) Why is data processing important? Explain at least three.

(iii) With the aid of diagram explain the concept of data processing system

4. The second master created the computer backup by using a storage medium located within the same office. Suddenly the office got fire caused by electricity problem and the data were lost. 

(a) Identify the method of backup done by the second master

(b) Explain three benefits of the method of backup identified in (a) above

(c) Which method of backup could be used to avoid the problem that happened? Give one reason

5. You were given an assignment by your teacher to construct a friendly letter in attempting the task, students proposed to use electronic word processor instead of paper to accomplish the task.

(a) Why students suggest to use electronic word processor instead of paper? Give two reasons

(b) Explain three possible text alignment features found in electronic word processor

6. You have been assigned to create an e-mail account for effective communication for your further studies.

a) Which program would you use to accomplish the task?

b) Which steps would you follow to accomplish the task?

c) Briefly explain the use of Spam, Carbon Copy and Blind Carbon Copy in the electronic mail 

7. a) Explain the concept of Artificial Intelligence

b) Highlight five achievements in the fifth-generation computers.

c) Explain three devices which can be regarded as predecessor to electronic computer.

8. a) What is an operating system?

b) Differentiate multiuser from multitasking operating system.

c) Why is it advisable to store files into a folder?

d) Outline the procedures you would follow to restore deleted files to their original location.

9. a) With examples explain three types of cell references used in MS excel.

b) Read the given snapshot and answer the questions that follow:

(i) Sate the name of the program used to create a chart above.

(ii) Write the type of the chart given in a snapshot.

(iii) What are the names of horizontal and vertical axis?

(iv) What does a chart represent?

SECTION C (15 Marks)

Answer question ten (10)

10. Explain three (3) advantages and three (3) disadvantages of using computers in daily life.

Student’s Assessment Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

PRESIDENT’S OFFICE - RALG ROMBO DISTRICT EXAMINATION SYNDICATE (RODES)  FORM TWO MOCK ASSESSMENT EXAMINATION

036 INFORMATION AND COMPUTER STUDIES

Time 2.30 Hours August, 2024

1. This paper consists of sections A, B and C with a total of ten (10) questions.
2. Answer all questions.
3. Section A and C carry fifteen (15) marks each and section B carry seventy (70) marks.
4. All answers must be written in blue or black ink.
5. Cellular phones, calculators and any unauthorized materials are not allowed in the examination room.
6. Write your Examination Number at the top right corner of every page.

SECTION A(15 Marks)

Answer All questions in this section

1. For each of the items (i)-(x) ,choose the correct answer from the given alternatives and write in the box provided

(i). The following are the vital roles of information in any community EXCEPT:

1. Helping to make better decisions
2. Giving records of future events
3. Producing knowledge and helping us to identify missing knowledge about a subject
4. Helping to identify opportunities for work ,business and innovation.

(ii). Why is it advised to set a strong password in the computer?

1. To restrict unauthorized user
2. To minimize computer virus
3. To prevent the computer from damage
4. To reduce unauthorized program

(iii).Which combination of keys is used to select the text in a document?

1. Ctrl+P 
2. Ctrl+C
3. Ctrl+A
4. Ctrl+P

(iv).How would you classify a touch screen among the computer hardware parts?

1. An input device
2. An output device 
3. Both processing and output device
4. Both input and output device

(v).Data in the computer system is measured using different units, but the commonly used data measurement unit is:-

1. Gigabyte 
2. A byte
3. Megabyte 
4. Kilobyte

(vi).The main function of the router in the computer network is:-

1. To provide access to the internet
2. To provide interconnection with different networks
3. To converts signal from digital to analog form
4. Divide a busy network into segments

(vii).Computer software which perform fundamental operations like booting, retrieving and loading application is called:-

1. Drivers
2. Utility software
3. Database
4. Operating system

(viii). Kiswahili teacher wants to find the highest score of the of 30 students in spreadsheet, which of the following formula will be used to by the teacher?

1. =SUM(B1:B30)
2. =MAX(B1:B30)
3. =RANGE(B1:B30)
4. =COUNT(B1:B30)

(xi)Examples of secondary storage memory devices are….

1. Floppy disk and ROM
2. Hard disk and RAM
3. ROM and RAM
4. Floppy disk and Hard Disk

(x)What is the most suitable input device for highlighting or selecting an object on the screen?

1. Joy stick
2. Mouse
3. Keyboard
4. Touch screen

2.Match the functions of the features of the features of word processors in LIST A with their corresponding features names in LIST B by writing the letter of the correct answer below the item number is the box provided.

SECTION B(70 Marks)

Answer all questions in this section

3.The following figure shows a physical arrangement of computers in a certain office. Study it carefully and answer the questions that follow:

(a)What is the name of the physical topology presented in the figure provided?

(b) What are the names of the components labeled with later A and B?

(c)What are the three advantages of the type of network used in the Figure1

4.(a) Give two advantages of choosing a laptop computer instead of desktop computers

(b)A desktop computer has five cords for it to function properly, name the cords with respect to the components they are connecting.

5.Shadya is a Form One student who wants to practice on how to use Microsoft word program. Assist her to identify the steps of inserting the following:
(a) A picture sored in My Documents
(b)Tables with 3 rows and 5 columns

6.(a)The government has announced the issue of power shortage in the main line supplying power to Hai district. This led to the power fluctuation in the computer lab. Outline the two effects of power fluctuation
in the computer lab
(b)What are the two devices should be used in solving the problem of power fluctuation in the computer lab?
(c) It is advisable to protect the computer from malicious program. What are the four things to be done regularly to protect the computer from malicious programs:

7.(a)Basic Mathematics teacher is using a computer to input,store,analyse results so as to know the progress of his students in the subject. Below is the snapshot of one of the works he is doing in the
computer.

(a)What is the name of the software used to enter data:

(b)What are the two data types used in the worksheet?

(c) Write the formula for getting

1. Average score . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. Maximum score . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. Minimum score . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(c)What is the active cell in the Figure 2 above

8.(a) Due to the advanced in technology,mobile phones are widely used in communication and other tasks in the community.Give three reasons why mobile phones are regarded as computers.
   (b)Give two reasons why the computer is regarded as electronic device.

9.In 2009 the world faced the tragic of COVID19 which started in China, one on the method to combat the disease was mass campaigns through different media. To reach the population the government of Tanzania decided to use modern communication media to provide news to the public.

(a)Which communication media were used by the government? Give four
(b)Why the government of Tanzania opted to use modern communication media to address the COVID19 pandemic to reach the public? Give three reasons

10.Explain three advantages and three disadvantages of computers in daily life.

PRESIDENT'S OFFICE REGIONAL ADMINISTRATION AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT 

PRESIDENT'S OFFICE REGIONAL ADMINISTRATION AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT  

TANZANIA HEADS OF ISLAMIC SCHOOLS COUNCIL FORM TWO INTER ISLAMIC MOCK EXAMINATION 

0036 INFORMATION AND COMPUTER STUDIES

TIME: 2:30 HOURS Thursday, 30^th September 2021 p.m.

INSTRUCTIONS

1. This paper consists of sections A, B and C with total of ten (10) questions.

2. Answer ALL questions from ALL sections.

3. Write your answer in the space provided.

4. Use blue or black ink except the drawings you should use pencil.

5. Cell phones or computers are not allowed in the examination room.

6. Write your Examination Number at the top right corner of every page.

SECTION A: (20 Marks)

Answer all questions in this section

1. For each of the following items (i) - (x), choose the correct answer from among the given alternatives and write its letter in the box provided.

(i) An organization/company which owns facilities to enable users to access the internet is known as

1. Internet Access Company.
2. Internet System Program.
3. Internet Service Provider. 
4. Internet Service Program.

(ii) The central processing unit is located in the: 

1. Hard disk.
2. System unit.
3. Memory. 
4. Monitor.

(iii) In spread sheets the common features that specify instructions for calculation are: 

1. Formulas.
2. Formats.
3. Recalculation.
4. Consolidation.

(iv) When using a word processor, the command that is used to reinsert text into a document is: 

1. Cut.
2. Paste.
3. Copy.
4. Merge.

(v) Examples of hardware which are used to store data externally are: 

1. Mouse and CD.
2. Diskette and speaker.
3. Keyboard and mouse.
4. Floppy A Diskette and Compact Disk.

(vi) A device that converts images on a page to electronic signals that can be stored in a computer is a: 

1. Monitor.
2. Scanner.
3. Plotter. 
4. Pos.

(vii) The printer that is used to produce bar code is: 

1. Dot-matrix printer.
2. Laser printer.
3. Thermal printer.
4. Plotter printer.

(viii) One of the following devices is not a permanent storage device: 

1. Floppy disk.
2. Hard disk.
3. Scanner.
4. Compact disk.

(ix) The central processing unit does not consist of the____ 

1. System software.
2. The central unit.
3. The primary memory.
4. The central unit and main memory.

(x) The function of a keyboard in a computer is: 

1. To process data given to computer.
2. To output data processed by CPU.
3. To accept data from the user to the computer.
4. To accept information and process them to output.

2. Match the following functions of input devices in List A with their corresponding devices in List B by writing the letter of the corresponding device below the item number in the table provided.

Answers

3. For each of the following statements write True if the statement is correct or Falseif the statement is not correct.

i. An application software performs the same as system software

ii. A spelling checker element of word processing will catch all errors made by user

iii. Networking enables various computers to share resources on the same network

iv. Magnetic disks and magnetic tapes are examples of primary storage of data

v. Ms-excel and Ms-word are system softwares 

Answers

SECTION B: (60 Marks)

Answer all questions in this section.

4. (a) Mention three (3) characteristics of the first generation of computers

(b) List two (2) generations in the development of a computer.

(c) Mention the technology used during the following generation of computers. 

i. Fourth generation.

ii. Second generation.

(d) (i) The first calculator to be known in this world was . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) …………… known as the father of computers in the world.

5. (a) Give the long forms of these:

1. PPM
2. ICS
3. DOS
4. CPU ..
5. POST

(b) What does “Blind Carbon Copy” (BBC) mean when composing and sending an e-mail message?

(c) A Car Component Company (T) Ltd uses an online system with a Modem and Telephone line. What does On-Line mean? Why is modem needed?

(d) The term network topology refers to way in which computers have been connected or arranged. There are basically three network topologies, these are Bus, Star and Ring topology. Draw the labelled diagram to represent the Bus Topology.

6. (a) List down 5 basic requirements in order to get an internet connectivity.

(b) What is a computer virus?

(c) What is a scanner?

(d)What is meant by the mailing merge in word processor?

(e) State the differences between a calculator and a computer?

7. (a) Write the steps required in starting Microsoft word program.

(b) Mention any five features that always are useful found on Microsoft word program.

(c) Differentiate between Data and Information.

(d) Outline three relationships between modern and traditional ways of communication

8. Use the following illustration of Microsoft Excel to answer the questions that follow:

(i) Write the formula to find the total marks of KIROBA

(ii) Write the formula to calculate the average score of MWAHINA 

(iii) Recall the formula to show the maximum mark in BIOLOGY (iv) Give the formula in cell K7 to show the POSITION of students (v) What is the difference between Formula and Function?

9. (a) List three examples of word processing.

(b) State the functions of the following combination keys

1. Ctrl + N ………
2. Ctrl + Alt + T
3. Ctrl + S ……... 
4. Alt + F4 ……
5. Shift + Delete . . . . . .
6. Ctrl + Alt + R . . . . . .
7. Ctrl + V …..

(c) Write down three differences between electronic word processor over typewriter.

(d) What does! Syntax Error, mean during calculations in word processing?

SECTION C: (20 Marks)

10. Internet is a wide world connection of computer which enables sharing of resources and teaching materials like notes/ tutorials and computers. However, it has positive and negative impact in the society or day to day life. Write the short essay on the positive and negative impact of internet in the society under the following points:

• E-learning
• Communication
• Identity theft
• Spamming
• Hacking