THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION EXAMINATION 

031/1          PHYSICS 1

(For Both School and Private Candidates) 

Time: 3 Hours                   Friday, 09^th November 2018 a.m. 

Instructions 

1. This paper consists of sections A, B and C with a total of eleven (11)  questions.
2. Answer all questions in sections A and B and one (1) question from section C.
3. Calculators, cellular phones and any unauthorized materials are not allowed in the examination room.
4. Write your Examination Number on every page of your answer booklet(s).
5. Where necessary the following constants may be used:

(i)Acceleration due to gravity, g = 10 m/s² or 10 N/kg

(ii)Specific heat capacity of mercury is 1395 J/kg°C

(iii) 1g of water is equivalent to 1 cm³ 

(iv)    Pi = 3.14.            

SECTION A (30 Marks)

Answer all questions in this section.

1. For each of the items (i) - (x), choose the correct answer among the given alternatives and write its letter besides the item number in the answer booklet provided.

(i)The correct formula to find the elastic force constant (k) of a spring is

1. Tension/extension
2. mass/extension
3. extension/mass
4. extension/tension
5. tension/mass

(ii) Why is oil used as a lubricant?

1. It has low density.
2. It is highly viscous.
3. It is flammable.
4. it is inflammable    
5. It is less viscous.

(iii)Which one is a characteristic of a plane mirror?

1. It forms image which is real and opaque.
2. It forms an image which is larger than the object.
3. It forms an image which is real and laterally inverted
4. It forms an image which has the same size as the object.
5. It forms an image which is smaller in size than the object.

(iv) Which one is not a region of electromagnetic spectrum?

1. radio waves
2. . x-rays
3. infrared light
4. ultraviolet light 
5. invisible light waves.

(v)  What quantity of heat is required to raise the temperature of 25 kg sample of mercury from 20°C to 30°C?

1. 1,743,750J
2. 348,750J
3. 345,750J
4. 413,750J
5. 1,550,750J

(vi)When silicon element is doped with phosphorus atoms, it produces

1.   a p-type semiconductor
2. force
3. an intrinsic semiconductor
4. a bipolar semiconductor
5. an n-type semiconductor

(vii) Which of the following is an example of a scalar quantity?

1. Electric current 
2. Force
3. Velocity
4. Displacement
5. Acceleration

(viii)What role does the iris play in the human eye?

1. To hold the lens in position.
2. To prevent internal reflection.
3. To control the size of the pupil.
4. To control the thickness of the lens.
5. To protect the eye from light.

(ix) Asteroids which manage to reach the earth surface are called

1. stars.
2. meteors
3. meteorites.
4. constellations.
5. comets.

(x) What will be the resistivity of a wire 2 metres long with a cross-sectional area of 0.50 mm² and a resistance of 2.20Ω 

1.  5.5 x 10^-7 Ωm 
2.  6.5 xlO^-7Ωm 
3. 2.3 x 10^-7 Ωm 
4.  1.1 x 10-⁶Ωm
5.  5.5 x 10^-6Ωm.

2.Match the items in List A with responses in List B by writing the letter of the correct response beside the item number in the answer booklet provided.

3. For each of the items (i)-(x), fill in the blank spaces by writing the correct answer in your answer booklet.

 (i) The ratio of distance moved by effort to the distance moved by load is referred to as ___________.

(ii)   The name given to the heat which is required to raise the temperature of a body by 1 K is ___________.

(iii) The work done when a force of 1 N moves a distance of 1 m in the direction of force is called ___________.

(iv) When a p-type and n-type semiconductors are bounded together they form a single crystal called ____________.

(v) The nuclear reaction which involves joining of lighter nuclei into heavier nucleus is called ____________.

(vi) A device which produces electricity on the basis of electromagnetic induction is called ____________.

(vii) A collision during which the kinetic energy changes is known as  ____________.

(viii) The particles in the nucleus of an atom which carry no charge are called ___________.

(ix)The wave which makes particles of the medium to vibrate in a direction perpendicular to the direction of movement of the wave is called ____________.

(x) The sun looks bigger and hotter than other stars because it is near to the  _________

SECTION B (60 Marks)

Answer all questions in this section.

4. (a) Briefly explain why hydrometer 

(i) is weighed with lead shots.

 (ii) has a narrow stem.

(b)    A piece of rubber of volume 100 cm³    and the density of 0.45 g/cm³ floats in water. Calculate:

(i) The volume of rubber that partially immersed in water.

(ii) The force required to immerse the rubber completely.

5.       (a) List four factors which affect the rate of evaporation of liquids.

(b)    (i)  Define relative humidity.

(ii)  Calculate the relative humidity given that the reading on dry bulb hydrometer is 24°C and the wet bulb temperature reading is 16°C.

(c)    With the aid of a sketched graph, explain how temperature affects the saturated vapour pressure of water.

6.       (a) Define the following terms as used in sound waves:

(i)Audibility range.

(ii)Ultrasonic sound.

(b)    Why notes of the same pitch played on a violin and flute has different quality?

(c)    A string of length 75 cm has a mass of 8.2 g. If the tension in the string is 18 N, calculate the frequency of the first and third harmonics.

7.       (a) What is meant by radioactive decay?

(b)    A certain sample with half-life of 8 days contains 16 g of iodine 131.

(i) Write an expression to show the decay process of the sample.

(ii) Use an expression in (b) (i) to sketch the graph then estimate the mass of sample which will remain undecayed after 20 days.

(c)    Describe the use of Geiger-Muller (G-M) tube in detecting nuclear radiations.

8. (a) Give two examples which illustrate the rectilinear propagation of light.

(b) (i) The refractive index of light passing from water to air is 3/4. Calculate the critical angle. (ii) Outline two differences between primary and secondary rainbows.

(c)    In Figure 1, identify the names of colours labeled A, B, C, D, E, F and G.

9. (a) (i) Define the term astronomy.

  (ii)Enumerate three importance of astronomy to mankind.

(b)    (i) Specify the difference that exists between galaxy and a planet. (ii) Outline three defining characters of a planet. 

(c)    Briefly explain the importance of stratosphere to living things on the earth’s surface.

 SECTION C (10 Marks)

Answer one (1) question from this section.

 10. (a) State the following rules: 

(i)  Cork screw rule.

 (ii)       Dynamo rule.

(b)    (i) Give one structural difference between A.C. and D.C. generators. 

(ii)      Mention one application of induction coil.

(c)    Figure 2 shows a transformer used to step down power. Assuming that there are no power losses, what will be the ammeter reading on the output part?

11. (a) (i) What is meant by the term thermal expansion?

      (ii) Mention two applications of thermal expansion of solids.

(b)    (i) List three areas where bimetallic strips are used.

  (ii) Why a bimetal strip made of brass and invar is curved outside with brass?

(c)    Describe how simple fire alarm system operates.

THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION EXAMINATION

031/1 PHYSICS 1

(For Both School and Private Candidates)

Time: 3 Hours Tuesday, 07^th November 2017 a.m.

Instructions

1. This paper consists of sections A, B and C with a total of eleven (11) questions.

2. Answer all questions in sections A and B and one (1) question from section C.

3. Calculators, cellular phones and any unauthorized materials are not allowed in the examination room.

4. Write your Examination Number on every page of your answer booklet(s).

5. Where necessary the following constants may be used:

   1. Acceleration due to gravity, g = 10 m/s²

   2. Density of water = 1.0 g/cm³

   3. Specific latent heat of fusion of ice = 336J/g

   4. Linear expansivity of steel, ∝= 0.000011/K

   5. Linear magnification = 5

   6.  Pi,
      = 3.14.

SECTION A (30 Marks)

Answer all questions in this section.

1. For each of the items (i)-(x), choose the correct answer among the given alternatives and write its letter besides the item number in the answer booklet provided.

(i) A gas of volume 900 cm³ at 27°C when warmed at constant pressure to 87°C will occupy a new volume of

1. 900 cm³
2. 720 cm³ 
3. 1080 cm³
4. 540 cm³ 
5. 727 cm³.

(ii) Which of the following scientific statements needs to be proved through scientific research?

1. Hypothesis
2. Principle
3. Conclusion
4. Proposal
5. Measurement.

(iii) What will be the acceleration of the car while its speed was increasing as shown in Figure 1?

1. 0.8 m/s²
2. 0.4 m/s²
3.  2.5 m/s²
4. 1.25 m/s²
5. 3.125 m/s².

(iv) Which of the following electromagnetic waves have largest wavelength?

1. Ultraviolet
2. Infrared
3. Gamma rays
4. Radio waves
5. X-rays

(v)The device which operates under the principle of total internal reflection of light is called

1. magnifying lens.
2. plan mirror
3. telescope.
4. optical fibre.
5. pin-hole camera.

(vi) If 120 volts are used to light a 30-watt light bulb, what will be the current flowing through that bulb?

1. 40 A
2. 30 A
3. 0.25 A
4. 4 A
5. 0.30 A

(viii) When a lead-acid accumulator is freshly made it has an electromotive force (e.m.f) of

1. 1.5 V
2. 1.25 V
3. 2 V
4. 3 V
5. 1 V

(viii) Which among the following radiations can be absorbed by a metal plate?

1. Alpha particle.
2. Gamma rays.
3. Beta particle.
4. X-rays
5. Cathode rays.

(ix) Where do asteroids found in the solar system?

1. Between Mercury and Venus.
2. Between Earth and Mars.
3. Between Mars and Jupiter.
4. Between Saturn and Uranus.
5. Between Neptune and Pluto.

What fraction of the atoms would have been disintegrated in 72 hours when the half-life of an element is 24 hours?

1. 1/8
2. 1/2
3. 3/4
4. 7/8
5. 1/4

2. Match the items in List A with responses in List B by writing the letter of the correct response beside the item number in the answer booklet provided.

3. For each of the items (i)-(x), fill in the blank spaces by writing the correct answer in the answer booklet provided.

1. The velocity of the body as noted by a non-stationary observer is called  

2. Which method of heat transfer does not involve the actual movement of particles from their mena position? .

3. What name is given to the angle of incidence when the angle of reflection is 90°?

4. A temperature at which solids change to liquids at constant temperature is referred to as 

5. Colours which when mixed in a definite ratio yield white colour are known as 

6. Which type of a resistor is used to convert moving coil galvanometer into voltmeter? 

7. Cathode ray tube is used in the production of 

8. A group of stars that forms a definite shape or pattern when viewed from the earth is called 

9. Which rule summarizes the relation of force, current and the field being mutually perpendicular to each other? 

10. Which region in electromagnetic spectrum has lowest frequency? .

SECTION B (60 Marks)

Answer all questions in this section.

4. (a) Mention four applications of thermal expansion of solids.

(b) Briefly explain why holes are left below the chimneys of kerosene lamp or kitchen.

(c) A steel tyre of diameter 150 cm at 10°C is to be fitted on to a train wheel of diameter 151 cm. What temperature must the tyre be heated to just fit the wheel?

5. (a) (i) Why convex mirrors are used as driving mirrors? Give two reasons.

(ii) Calculate the critical angle for the light emerging from a glass of refractive index 1.50.

(b) (i) How people with short-sighted defect differ from those with long-sighted defect?

(ii) Calculate the focal length of a lens when a projector is used to produce a sharp image of an object being at a distance of 120 cm from the screen.

6. (a) (i) What peculiar property does the effort has in all classes of levers?

(ii) A metre rule of weight 1.0 N is supported horizontally on two knife edges each placed 10.0 cm from its ends. If the weight of 1.5 N is placed at its mid-point, calculate the reaction at the supports.

(b) (i) State the law of floatation.

(ii) Find the fraction of the cork that partially immersed when a piece of cork of density 0.25 g/cm³ and a mass of 20 g floats in water.

7. (a) (i) What is the essential of kinetic theory of matter?

(ii) Sketch a graph showing how force applied in a stretched string varies with its extension.

(b) (i) State Hooke’s law.

(ii) List two applications of gamma rays.

8.(a) (i) Define the term wavelength.

(ii) How does the size of the gap in the barrier affect the diffraction of waves?

(b)(i) State two ways in which visible light differ from radio waves.

(ii) List two applications of gamma rays.

Figure 2 and 3 shows a wave travelling across water. Carefully study it then answer the questions that follow:

Determine the

1. Frequency of the wave.

2. Velocity of the wave.

9. (a) (i) What is meant by mutual induction.

(ii) Illustrate how the right hand grip rule is used to determine electric current and magnetic field directions.

(b) (i) Draw the diagram of direct current (d.c) generator showing its important parts.

(ii) Briefly explain how simple a.c dynamo can be converted to simple d.c dynamo.

SECTION C (10 Marks)

Answer one (1) question from this section.

10 (a) (i) Define the term semiconductors.

(ii) How do intrinsic semiconductors differ from extrinsic semiconductors?

(a) (i) List four properties of cathode rays.

(ii) Describe how x-ray tube is used to produce x-rays.

(c) (i) Mention three uses of induction coil.

(ii) Briefly explain the working principle of a bicycle dynamo.

11. (a) How does the increase of length and cross-section area of a conductor affect its resistance?

(b) (i) State the function of a circuit breaker in a wiring system.

(ii) Determine the ratio of resistance of wire A to that of wire B which are made up of the same material such that wire A has half the length and twice the diameter of wire B.

(c) An electric kettle contains 720 W heating units:

1. What current does it take from 240 V mains?

2. How long will the kettle take to raise the temperature of 2 kg of water at 30°C to its boiling point?

THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL OF TANZANIA

CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION EXAMINATION

031/1PHYSICS 1

Time: 3Hours November, 2016

Instructions:

1. This paper consists of section A, B and C.
2. Answer all the questions in section A and B and one question from section C
3. Cellular phones and any unauthorized materials are not allowed in the examination room.
4. Write your Examination Number on every page of your answer booklet(s)
5. Where necessary the following constants may be used:

1. Acceleration due to gravity, g = 10m/s^2.
2. Density of water = 1.0g/cm^3.
3. Pie, = 3.14.
4. Coefficient of linear expansivity of the brick = 1.2 x 10^-5 K^-1.
5. Speed of light in air = 3 x 10⁸m/s.
6. Speed of sound in air = 340 m/s

SECTION A:

Answer all questions in this section

1. For each of the items (i) – (x), choose the correct answer among the given alternatives and write its letter beside the item number in the answer booklet provided

(i) The position of the centre of gravity of an object has a significant influence in its

1. Elasticity
2. Plasticity
3. Stability
4. Rigidity
5. Elastic limit.

(ii) Which statement explains the basis of heliocentric theory?

1. The earth was known to revolve around the sun
2. The earth was stationary
3. The sun was known to revolve around the earth
4. The sun was stationary
5. The earth was known to revolve around its axis.

(iii) Which among the following is a reason for the sky to appear blue while being observed from the earth?

1. Regular reflection of sunlight
2. Irregular refraction of sunlight
3. Diffuse refraction of sunlight
4. Selective scattering of sunlight
5. Regular diffraction of sunlight.

(iv) The suspended magnetic needle always comes to rest with its axis in a vertical plane called?

1. Geographic meridian
2. Magnetic meridian
3. Geographic declination
4. Magnetic declination
5. Geographic North Pole.

(v) The correct arrangement of metals in ascending order of their linear expansivities is?

1. Iron, Copper, Invar, Brass and Nickel
2. Nickel, Brass, Invar, Copper and Iron
3. Brass, Copper, Nickel, Iron and Invar
4. Invar, Iron, Nickel, Copper and Brass.
5. Nickel, Brass, Iron, Invar and Copper.

(vi) The loudness of a note produced by a vibrating object depends on?

1. The number of vibrations per second
2. The overtones present
3. The quality of sound
4. The wavelength between two nodes
5. The amplitude of vibration.

(vii) How many number of images will be formed if the angle between two mirrors is 0 ?

1. 2
2. 3
3. 4
4. 5
5. Infinite

(viii) The correct statement about radio waves is that:-

1. They have shortest wavelength
2. They can be produced by comets in space
3. They don’t undergo reflection
4. They require medium on its transmission
5. They have smallest frequency

(ix) What is the function of cathode in x – ray tube?

1. To control heat produced n the target
2. To accelerate the speed of electrons
3. To conduct heat away from the target.
4. To control brightness on the screen.
5. To focus electrons on the target.

(x) Which of the following circuit elements has ability to produce gain as used in electronics?

1. Inductor
2. Diode
3. Resistor
4. Capacitor
5. Amplifier.

2. Match the items in List A with responses in List B by writing the letter of the correct response beside the item number in the answer booklet provided.

3. For each of the items (i) –(x), fill in the blank spaces by writing the correct answer in the answer booklet provided.

1. Waves which travel perpendicularly to the direction of the vibrations are called?__________________
2. The Wheatstone bridge is a circuit widely used for accurate measurement of______________________
3. Sugar tongs and tweezers are in which class of levers?_________________
4. The speech current along the telephone line can be converted into sound waves in the air by means of__
5. A blue cable in the three – pin plug of electrical circuit represents__________
6. Which quantity is induced whenever there is a change in the magnetic flux linked with a circuit?______
7. The product of mass and velocity of a body is called its____________
8. A device that opens and closes a circuit in response to changes in temperature is called?___________
9. The successive decay of unstable nucleus until a stable fragment is achieved is known as__________
10. A teapot with a silvery surface keeps the water hot for some time because it conduct heat by__________

SECTION B (60) Marks)

Answer all questions in this section.

4. (a) (i) Define turning effect of force and give its SI unit.

(ii) How the moment of force can be increased considerably in practical life? Give two examples.

(b) (i) List two factors that affect stability of a body

(ii) Briefly explain why the handle of a door is near its outside edge?

(c) (i) What is meant by a balanced beam?

(ii) A uniform rod AB of mass 6.0 g is balanced horizontally about a knife edge at a distance of 3cm from end A w here a mass of 8.0 g is hanging. Find the length of the rod.

5. (a) (i) State the law of inertia

(ii) Use the law in (a) (i) to define force.

(b) A ticker – tape is moved through a ticker – timer for 5.0 seconds. If the timer is operating at 25 Hz:

1. How many dots would have been printed on the tape?
2. What kind of motion does the tape represent? Give a reason.

(c) A shell of mass 30kg is fired at a velocity of 600ms^-1 from a gun of mass 7000kg.

1. What is the recoil velocity of the gun?
2. Briefly explain the significance of the answer obtained in (c) (i) above.

6. (a) (i) Distinguish between light spectrum and dispersion of light.

(ii) Briefly describe how a light ray passes through an equilateral glass prism.

(b) Study Figure 1 which represents three primary colours combines together and answer the questions that follow.

1. Identify the colours represented by the letters A, B, C and D.
2. What general name is given to the colours obtained by mixing two primary colours?
3. Name the colour produced as a result of mixing three primary colours.

7. (a) What is meant by the terms

1. Bimetallic strip
2. Linear expansivity of the solid

(b) Briefly explain on the following observations:

1. In cold weather the metal blade of a knife feels cooler than the wooden handle.
2. A cool breeze blows from the sea on a hot summer day.

(c) (i) Define latent heat of fusion of a substance

(ii) A copper block of mass 0.68 kg is suspended in a freezing mixture at - 50 for some time and then transferred to a large volume of water at 0 . Calculate the mass of ice formed.

8. (a) (i) Distinguish between primary and secondary cells, giving one example of each.

(ii) Identify two defects of a simple cell.

(b) (i) Explain why lead – acid accumulators are used in car batteries rather than dry cells?

(ii) A cell of unknown e.m.f, E and internal resistance 2Ώ is connected to a 5Ώ resistance. If the terminal p.d, V is 1.0V. Calculate the e.m.f, E of a cell.

(c) (i) List two devices that are important when checking electrical faults in domestic appliances.

(ii) Briefly explain why a very high voltage is necessary when transmitting electrical energy from power station?

9. (a) (i) What s Zodiacal light?

(ii) Mention three uses of earth satellite.

(b) (i) Give two examples of a Jovial planet and two examples of terrestrial planet.

(ii) How are the bodies in the solar system kept in normal positions?

(c) (i) Which planet is often called “Morning star”?

(ii) Briefly explain how astronomy gave rise to the 12 months of the year

SECTION C (10 Marks)

Answer one (1) question from this section.

10. (a) (i) What is meant by radioactive element?

(ii) Name three instruments which are used to detect radiation from radioactive source.

(b) Figure 2 shows the deflection of radiations from a radioactive element by an electric field.

1. Identify the radiations Q, P and S, giving reasons for your answers.
2. Briefly explain why the radioactive source is kept inside a lead box leaving only a small hole?

(c) (i) What are radioisotopes?

(ii) State two important applications of radioisotopes.

11. (a) (i) State the purpose of dynamo

(ii) How can an a.c dynamo be converted to a d.c dynamo.

(b) (i) Briefly explain why an e.m.f is induced in the coil as it rotates.

(ii) At what position of the coil in 11 (b) (i) is the induced e.m.f zero?

(c) Explain the function of each of the following features of a simple electric motor.

1. Split – ring commulator
2. Brushes.

THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION EXAMINATION

031/1 PHYSICS 1

(For Both School and Private Candidates)

Time:3 Hours Monday, 09^th November 2015 a.m.

Instructions

1.  This paper consists of sections A, B, and C.

2.  Answer all questions in sections A and B and one (1) question from section C.

3.  Calculators and cellular phones are not allowed in the examination room.

4.  Write your Examination Number on every page of your answer booklet(s).

5.  Where necessary the following constants may be used:

(i)  Acceleration due to gravity, g = 10 m/s²

(ii)  Density of water = 1.0 g/cm³

(iii)  Linear expansivity of iron = 1.24×10^­5­1K

(iv)  Specific latent heat of fusion of ice = 336 J/g

(v)  Velocity of sound in air = 340 m/s

(vi)  Pi,  =3.14

SECTION A (30 Marks)

Answer all questions in this section.

1. For each of the items (i)­(x), choose the correct answer among the given alternatives and write its letter beside the item number in the answer booklet provided.

(i) A spiral spring of natural length 1.50m is extended to 1.505m by a force of 0.80N What will be its extension when the applied force is 3.20N?

1.  0.005m 
2.  6.020m 
3.  0.020m
4.  4.520m 
5.  1.57.

(ii) Which of the following electromagnetic waves is used to detect flaws and defects in steel plates?

1.  infrared waves 
2.  ultraviolet waves 
3.  x­-rays
4.  gamma rays 
5.  micro waves.

(iii) A part of human eye that corresponds to the film in a camera is called

1.  cornea 
2.  iris 
3.  lens
4.  pupil 
5.  retina.

(iv) The sun generates its energy by a process called

1.  thermonuclear fission 
2.  thermonuclear fusion
3.  geothermal energy 
4.  geothermal fusion
5.  geothermal fission.

(v) What will be the size of the image formed if an object 4cm tall is placed 20cm in front

 of a concave mirror of focal length 15cm?

1.  60cm 
2.  40cm 
3.  24cm
4.  12cm 
5.  3cm.

(vi) What is the main function of step up transformer?

1.  To change a.c to d.c current 
2.  To decrease resistance in a circuit
3.  To increase a.c voltage 
4.  To decrease a.c voltage
5.  To increase a.c current.

(vii) The most probable radiation forming a well­defined track when passed in a cloud chamber is called

1.  gamma­rays 
2.  beta rays 
3.  cathode rays
4.  alpha rays 
5. E x­-rays.

(viii) The effect of adding an acceptor impurity to a silicon produce a crystal called

1.  P­type 
2.  N­type 
3.  PN­type
4.  NP­type 
5.  PNP­type.

(ix) Colours are produced when white light passes through glass prism because

1.  light waves interfere
2.  glass prism colours the light
3.  in glass different colours travel at different speeds
4.  different colours are filtered
5.  diffraction of light occurs.

(x) Which of the following statements is true when the resistance, R, of a wire is measured using an ammeter, voltmeter and rheostat?

1.  the ammeter is in parallel with R
2.  the voltmeter is in series with R
3.  a graph of V against I has a gradient equal to R
4.  a graph of I against V has a gradient equal to R
5. the rheostat is in parallel with R.

2. Match the times in List A with responses in List B by writing the letter of the correct response beside the item number in the answer booklet provided.

3. For each of the items (i)­(x), fill in the blank spaces by writing the correct answer in the answer booklet provided.  

(i) The rate of change of displacement is called ___________.

(ii) The process whereby the eye can alter its focal length in order to form images of objects at different distances is known as ___________.

(iii) The rule used to deduce the direction of the magnetic field lines due to solenoid or a circular coil is called ___________.

(iv) The function of an induction coil is to produce ____________.

(v) The wheatstone bridge is an electric device used to measure ____________.

(vi) A force which causes anticlockwise rotation is said to have a positive ____________.

(vii) The kinetic theory of matter has been used to account for elasticity, surface tension and ____________.

(viii) The quality of a note produced by a musical instrument depends on its fundamental frequency and ___________.

(ix) The name given to the collection of heavenly bodies that revolve around the sun is ____________.

(x) The increase in the average temperature of the world’s atmosphere refers to ____________.

SECTION B (60 Marks)

Answer all questions in this section.

4. (a) (i) What effect does an increase in temperature have on the density of most liquids?

(ii) Explain the procedure of using methylated spirit, water and a pendulum bob to find the relative density of spirit.

(b) (i) State Archimedes’ Principle.

(ii) Briefly explain why does a ship sink deeper in fresh water than in sea water?

(c) When a piece of wood is put in a graduated cylinder containing water, the level of the water rises from 17.7cm³ to 18.5cm³. Calculate the

(i) Mass of a piece of wood.

(ii) Total volume of a piece of wood given that its relative density is 0.60.

5. (a) Define the following terms:

(i) Coefficient of superficial expansion.

(ii) anomalous expansion of water.

(b) (i) How much heat is needed to change 340g of ice at 0°C to water at 0°C? (ii) What is the name of heat lost by ice in (b) (i) above?

(c) An iron rivet of radius 8.95mm at 20°C is to be inserted into the hole of iron plate of radius 8.92mm at 20°C. What temperature must the rivet be heated in order to fit into the hole?

6. (a) (i) State two ways in which the image formed in plane mirror differs from that in a pin hole camera.

(ii) What is the effect of moving the pinhole camera closer to the object?

(b) (i) List three rules used to locate images in curved mirrors.

(ii) Give two similarities and two differences that exist between the human eye and a lens camera.

(c) A mirage is often seen by a motorist as a pool of water on the road some distance ahead.

(i) Draw a sketch diagram to show the formation of such a mirage.

(ii) Briefly explain how mirage is formed.

7. (a) (i) What is meant by the internal resistance of a cell?

(ii) Distinguish between a cell and a battery.

(b) (i) Draw a well labeled diagram of a dry cell (Leclanche).

(ii) Identify three disadvantages of a Leclanche cell over a lead­acid accumulators.

(c) The current of 3.0A passes through a coil of resistance 5Ω connected to the terminals of a cell of constant e.m.f, E (Volt) and internal resistance, r (ohm). If a uniform wire of length, L (cm) is joined across the ends of a 5Ω coil to form a parallel arrangement of resistance 4Ω , the current is reduced to 0.25A. Determine the

(i) internal resistance of a cell.

(ii) e.m.f of a cell.

8. (a) (i) Define nuclear fission.

(ii) Mention two products of nuclear fission.

(b) Figure 1 shows a comparison of the penetrating power of three types of radiations.

Figure 1

(i) Identify the name of radiations represented by the letters A, B and C.

(ii) Write two properties of each type of radiation named in 8 (b) (i).

(iii) What effect does the radiation B has on the nucleus of an atom?

(c) Complete the following equations and for each name the type of decay.

9. (a) What is meant by the following terms?

(i) Asteroids.

(ii) Astronomy.

(b) Distinguish between:

(i) Constellations and a galaxy.

(ii) Meteor and meteorites.

(c) (i) Mention two types of tides.

(ii) With the aid of diagram, describe how ocean tides are formed.

SECTION C (10 Marks)

Answer one (1) question from this section.

10 (a) (i) List four main parts of a ripple tank.

(ii) What role does a stroboscope play in a ripple tank experiment?

(b) (i) Explain why there are four strings of different thickness in a violin?

(ii) What does a violinist do to change the note emitted by a particular string?

(c) (i) Briefly explain how a resonance tube works.

(ii) Calculate the frequency of vibration in a resonance tube of shortest length of 0.22m when the next resonance length is 0.47m.

11. (a) (i) State the functions of the hair springs in a moving coil galvanometer.

(ii) Explain why moving coil galvanometer is unsuitable for measuring alternating currents.

(b) (i) Draw the magnetic field lines pattern in a horizontal plane due to a current carrying straight conductor when a d.c flows through it.

(ii) What would happen on the pattern if a.c were used instead of d.c?

(c) (i) What should be done in order to increase the speed of rotation in a d.c electric motor?

(ii) An electric motor is connected by cable to a generator and produce a current of 10A at 240V. Calculate the resistance of the cable.

THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL 

CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION EXAMINATION

031/1      PHYSICS 1  (For Both School and Private Candidates) 

                                 Time:3 Hours            Monday, 10th November 2014 a.m. 

Instructions 

1.  This paper consists of sections A, B, and C.
2.  Answer all questions in sections A and B and one (1) question from section C.
3.  Calculators and cellular phones are not allowed in the examination room.
4.  Write your Examination Number on every page of your answer booklet(s).
5.  Where necessary the following constants may be used: 

(i)    Acceleration due to gravity, g = 10 m/s2 or 10 N/kg

(ii)   Electronic charge, e = -1.602x10-19 C

(iii)   Refractive index of water = 4/3

(iv)   Pi, π = 3.14              

SECTION A (30 Marks)  

Answer all questions in this section.

1. For each of the items (i)-(x), choose the correct answer among the given alternatives and write its letter beside the item number in the answer booklet provided.

(i)  What physical phenomenon is observed when a tea bag is dipped into a cup containing hot water?

1.  Surface tension
2.  Capillary then diffusion
3.  Diffusion
4.  Osmosis then diffusion 
5.  Osmosis only. 

(ii) When a gas is compressed at constant temperature, the gas molecules

1.  move faster than air outside and the pressure is increased
2.  move with uniform speed and the pressure is unchanged
3.  gain more kinetic energy and the pressure is decreased
4.  increase slightly in size and its pressure remains constant
5. make more impacts per second on the walls of the container.

(iii) A car moving at steady speed has a frictional force on its surface whose size depends on its

1.  speed and surface area
2.  speed
3.  surface area
4.  weight 
5.  wheels speed. 

(iv) When illuminated by a certain lamp, the shadow of a table-tennis ball on a white screen is uniformly dark. This is because the lamp used is

1.  very bright
2.  fluorescent
3.  very small 
4. very weak
5. very large. 

(v)  In a black and white television, the image is formed on the screen by:

1. varying the intensity or brightness of the electron beam
2.  adjusting the number of stations using a remote control
3.  limiting the flow of electrons between the cathode and anode
4.  increasing the grid’s voltage to its maximum value
5.  adjusting the antenna to capture waves of short wavelength. 

(vi) A green card with red flowers when viewed in a red light will appear:

1.  completely red
2.  completely yellow
3.  completely green 
4.  yellow with red flowers 
5.  green with red flowers. 

(vii)  Figure 1 shows a pattern of waves in a ripple tank traveling from part X to part Y across a plane section Z.

Figure 1

What observation can be made from Figure 1?

1.  the total reflection occurs at Z
2.  the wavelength in part X is greater than that in part Y
3.  the wave speed v1 in part X is less than v2 in part Y
4.  diffraction occurs across Z
5.  The wave changes in frequency as it crosses Z. 

(viii)  A solid metal cube has each side doubled to make a solid cube of the same metal eight times bigger in volume. The ration of resistivity of the new cube to resistivity of the old cube is

1.   8:1
2.   6:1
3.  1:1
4.  1:6
5.  1:8 

(ix) In a cloud chamber, straight-line trails of vapour are produced by a source emitting:

1. beta-particles
2. gamma-rays
3. electrons
4.  alpha-particles 
5. light rays. 

(x) Which of the following is the correct weight of a body of mass 48 g when placed on the moon surface?

1.  0.48 N 
2.  4.8 N
3.  0.80 N
4.  0.048 N
5.  80.0 N. 

2.  Match the times in List A with reponses in List B by writing the letter of the correct response beside the item number in the answer booklet provided.

3.      For each of the items (i)-(x), fill in the blank spaces by writing the correct answer in the answer booklet provided.

1. The presence of electric charge in a body can be detected by means of  
2. The automatic flushing tank uses the working principle of                    
3. The simple a.c. generator works on the converse principle of                      
4. The element that is heaviest of all natural elements is called                  
5. The defects of an image formed by a single lens is called               
6. Most stars in the universe which are visible in the night sky are within our own            
7.  A part of the Earth’s mantle and crust containing liquids, crystals and dissolved gases is known as            
8.  A p-type semiconductor is formed when silicon is replaced by              
9.  The electric current can pass through an electric component due to the existence of             
10. The physical state of a substance normally depends on                           .

 SECTION B (60 Marks)

Answer all questions in this section.

4. (a) Give two practical examples where impulse and momentum play an important role.

(b)   (i) Distinguish between elastic collisions and inelastic collisions.

 (ii)   A box of mass 50 kg is raised vertically with a uniform acceleration ‘a’ when a force of 700 N is acting in a rope. Calculate the uniform acceleration ‘a’. 

(c)   (i) State Newton’s second law of motion.

(ii) Sand falls gently at a constant rate of 50 g/s onto a horizontal belt moving steadily at 40 cm/s. Find the force in newtons exerted by the sand on the belt. State any assumptions made in your calculation.

5. (a) What is meant by the following terms?

(i) Resonance

(ii) Overtones.

(b)   Briefly give reasons for the following:

(i) the fundamental frequency may alter during the day.

(ii)  notes of the same pitch played on a violin and a flute sound different.

(c)   The frequency obtained from a plucked string is 400 Hz when the tension is 2 N.  Calculate:

(i)   the frequency when the tension is increased to 8 N.

(ii)  the tension needed to produce a note of frequency of 600 Hz.

6. (a) State the parallelogram law of forces.      

(b)   (i)  Distinguish between absolute velocity and relative velocity.

   (ii)  Wind is blowing 30° west of north at 20 km/hour.  A bird is flying in the wind and its velocity relative to the ground is 90 km/hour at 75° west of north. Calculate the velocity and direction of the bird. 

(c) (i)  Define the coefficient of dynamic friction.

(ii)   A body of mass 40 kg is placed in a straight track sloping at an angle of 45° to the horizontal. If the body is held from slipping by friction, calculate the normal reaction and the force of friction.

7.  (a) (i) What is meant by refraction of light?

(ii) Mention three points to be considered when drawing a ray diagram to show the formation of images on a concave mirror.

(b)(i)Briefly explain why part of the road ahead of a person apparently looks as if it has a pool of water on a sunny day?

(ii) A pin is at the bottom of a vessel 16 cm deep. When the vessel is filled with water the pin appears to rise when viewed form above. Find the height to which the pin appears to rise. 

(c)   Paraffin has a greater refractive index than water. What can you say about the          

     (i)  relative velocity of light in paraffin and in water?

(ii)  path of a ray of light when passing from water into a layer of paraffin?

8.  (a) (i)What is meant by radioactive decay?

          (ii) Give two effects of beta (β) particle on the nucleus of an atom.

(b)   (i)Define the term isotope of an element.             

(c)   (i)How would you test whether a car battery needs recharging? (Give three points).

(ii) Two resistors each of 5 Ω Are connected in parallel across the same battery of e.m.f. 5 V and negligible internal resistance. If the battery is fully charged and then discharged within 20 hours, calculate the storage capacity of the battery.

9.      (a) What is meant by the following terms?

(i)Volcanoes

(ii)  Non-renewable sources of energy.

(b)(i) Mention two merits and two demerits of volcanoes.

(ii) Briefly explain two hazards associated with earchquakes.

(c) (i) List down two disadvantages of non-sustainable energy sources.

(ii)  State two applications of energy generated from water.          

SECTION C (10 Marks)

Answer one (1) question from this section.

10 (a) (i)          What is meant by saturation current?

         (ii)       Give one peculiar property of a diode as a rectifier.

(b)   Briefly explain the function of each of the following apparatus:

(i)                 Geiger-Muller (G-M) tube.

(ii)              Diffusion cloud chamber.

(c)   Figure 2 shows a section of a cathode-ray oscilloscope.

Figure 2

  What changes should be done in order to produce the following on the screen:

(i) a brighter trace

(ii)a vertical line 

(iii)a wave pattern

      (iv)a horizontal line.

11. (a) (i)Use the kinetic theory to explain why solids expand when heated.

            (ii)Mention two experiments which can be done in the laboratory to verify thermal expansion of solids. 

(b)   Explain how each of the following works:

(i) a bimetallic thermostat.

(ii)a bimetallic thermometer.

(c) (i) What is an induction coil?

      (ii) Describe the structure of an induction coil and briefly explain its mode of action.

THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION EXAMINATION

031/1 PHYSICS1

(For Both School and Private Candidates)

Time:3Hours Monday, 11^th November 2013a.m.

Instructions

1. This paper consists of sections A, B and C.

2. Answer all questions in sections A and B and one (1) question from section C.

3. Calculators and cellular phones are not allowed in the examination room.

4. Write your Examination Number on every page of your answer booklet(s).

5. Where necessary the following constants may be used:

   1. Acceleration due to gravity, g = 10 N/kg or 10 m/s²

   2. Density of air = 1.2 kg/m³

   3. Density of mercury = 13200 kg/m³

   4. Density of water = 1000 kg/m³

   5. Linear expansivity of steel = 11 x 10^-6 K^-1

   6. Pi, π = 3.14

SECTION A (30 Marks)

Answer all questions in this section.

1. For each of the items (i) - (x), choose the correct answer among the given alternatives and write its letter beside the item number.

(i) Tow forces of 5 N and 8 N are acting at the same point and are inclined at an angle of 45° to each other. What will be their resultant force?

1. 11.2 N
2. 12 N
3. 22.4
4. 1.2 N
5. 1.12 N

(ii) Which of the following are good examples of ferromagnetic materials?

1. iron and ceramic
2. zinc and iron
3. copper and nickel
4. nickel and cobalt
5. obalt and ceramic

(iii) A white shawl wrapped around a baby keeps the baby warm because the shawl

1. is a poor reflector
2. is a poor radiator
3. has pockets of air trapped in
4. conducts heat to the baby
5. stops convection currents.

(iv) A body is said to be in equilibrium IF

1. it moves with uniform speed
2. the net force acting on it is zero
3. the upward and downward forces are equal
4. its centre of gravity is low positioned
5. its centre of gravity is high.

(v) The correct statements about sound waves is that they

1. are transverse waves
2. can travel in vacuum
3. can be polarized
4. cannot be polarized
5. do not require medium.

(vi) In order to produce electrons in a discharge tube the

1. anode should be at a higher potential than the cathode
2. potential difference at the anode should be low
3. cathode should be heated indirectly at low voltage supply
4. electrodes should be at the same potential
5. electrons must be accelerated at higher potential.

(vii) The battery in the circuit shown in the following diagram has an e.m.f. of 2 V and negligible internal resistance.

What will be the current flowing in the 6 Ω resistor?

1.  0.15 A
2. 0.64 A
3. 1.42 A
4. 0.10 A
5. 0.33 A

(viii) The image formed by plane mirrors are always

1. real, magnified and laterally inverted
2. virtual, laterally inverted and same in size
3. magnified, virtual and erect
4. laterally inverted, same in size and real
5. erect, real and magnified.

(ix) Which of the following particles is used to cause fission in an atomic reaction?

1. proton
2. deuteron
3. neutron
4. beta-particle
5. alpha-particle

(x) The layer in the atmosphere where weather phenomena are formed is called

1. stratosphere
2. magnetosphere
3. thermosphere
4. troposphere
5. exosphere.

2. Match the items in List A with responses in List B by writing the letter of the correct response beside the item number.

3. For each of the items (i)-(x), fill in blank spaces by writing the correct answer on the space provided.

1. What is a term given to a glowing asteroid in space which can be seen with naked eyes?

2. The timbre of a sound is also referred to as.

3. The angle between the horizontal component of the Earth’s magnetic field and true north is called.

4. The production of an e.m.f. in a conductor as a result of changing current in the same conductor is referred to as.

5. The combination of multiple echoes in the listener’s ear produce a louder and more sustained sound called.

6. When the temperature at the surface is below the freezing point, dew takes the form of ice called.

7. The movement of particles from a region of high concentration to one of low concentration is called.

8. Wheelbarrows and bottle openers are in theclass of levers.

9. The process of converting sinusoidal wave forms into unidirectional (non- zero) waveforms is known as.

10. A resistor of low resistance used to convert a moving coil galvanometer into an ammeter is called.

SECTION B (60 Marks)

Answer all questions in this section.

4. (a) Mention three differences between boiling and evaporation.

(b) Briefly explain reasons for the following:

1. When a cold bottle is brought into a warm room, it becomes misted over

2. Frost is more likely to occur on a clear night than on a cloudy night.

(b)(i) Define coefficient of linear expansion and give its SI unit.

(ii) A metal pipe which is 1 m long at 40°C increases in length by 0.3% when carrying a steam at 100°C. Find the coefficient of expansion of the metal.

5. (a) The half-life of a certain radioactive substance is 64 days. Explain the meaning of this statement.

(b)A certain radioactive material has a half-life of 2 minutes. If the initial count rate is 256 per minute;

1. how long does it take to reach a count rate of 32 per minute?

2. what fraction of the original number of atoms is left undecayed?

(c)(i) What is meant by nuclear fission?

(ii) A uranium nucleus, U-238, with atomic number 92, emits two α- particles and two β-particles and finally forms a thorium (Th) nucleus. Write the nuclear equation for this process

6.(a) Briefly explain why

(i) Nylon clothes crackle when undressed?

(ii) Petrol road tankers usually have a length of metal chain hanging and touching the ground?

(b)What would happen when

1. an ebonite rod is rubbed with fur?

2. a glass rod is rubbed with fur?

(c) (i) Define electric current.

(ii) Two cells each of e.m.f. 6 V and internal resistance of 5Ω and 6 Ω respectively are connected in parallel to a resistor of 10 Ω. Find the current flowing in the 10 Ω resistor.

7. (a) What is an altimeter?

(b) Briefly explain the reasons for the following:

1. A person at great height suffers from nose bleeding.

2. It is painful to walk barefoot on a road that is covered by pebbles.

(c) A cube of sides 2 cm is completely submerged in water so that the bottom of the cube is at a depth of 10 cm. Calculate:

1. the difference between the pressure on the bottom of the cube and the pressure on its top.

2. the weight of water displaced by the cube.

8. (a) (i) What is meant by impulse of a force?

(ii) Briefly explain why seat-belts are designed to stretch in a collision.

(b) i) Define momentum.

2. The cork of a bottle of mass 4 g is ejected with a velocity of 10 m/s in 0.1 second. Find the force exerted on the bottle.

(c)A car of mass 2000 kg is travelling along a straight road at a constant velocity of 10 m/s developing 3.0 kilowatts. If the engine of the car is switched off:

1. Calculate the energy lost by the car in coming to rest

2. Briefly explain the energy changes in the process stated in (c) above.

9. (a) What is meant by the following terms as used in geophysics:

(i) Tsunami.

(ii) Magma.

(b) (i) List down the various layers of the atmosphere starting from the Earth’s surface.

(ii) Which layer in part (b) (i) above is nearest to the Earth? Explain two importances of it.

(c)(i) What is a constellation?

(ii) Briefly explain the causes of ocean tides.

SECTION C (10 Marks)

Answer one (1) question from this section.

10. (a) (i) State the laws of electromagnetic induction.

(ii) Mention two advantages of a.c. generators over d.c. generators.

(b)(i) Briefly explain why the core of a transformer is made of thin layers of metal insulated from one another.

(ii) Describe the structure of a step-up transformer and state how it works.

(c)A transformer with 4800 turns in the primary coil is designed to work form 240 V a.c. mains to give a supply of 8 V in order to ring a bell.

1. What would happen if the transformer were connected to a 240 d.c. mains?

2. Briefly explain why the primary current increases when a bell is being rung?

11. (a) Mention two practical examples in our daily life in which the principle of conservation of energy is applied.

(b)(i) What is a simple pendulum.

(ii) Describe the energy changes that take place when a simple pendulum swings from one side to another.

(c)Name a machine or an apparatus used to change the following forms of energy.

1. Heat energy to mechanical energy.

2. Mechanical energy to electrical energy.

3. Electrical energy to sound energy.

4. Sound energy to electrical energy.

5. Heat energy to electrical energy.

THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION EXAMINATION

031/1 PHYSICS 1

(For Both School and Private Candidates)

Time: 3 Hours Monday, 15^th October 2012 a.m.

Instructions

1. This paper consists of sections A, B and C.

2. Answer all questions in sections A and B and one (1) question from section C.

3. Calculators and cellular phones are not allowed in the examination room.

4. Write your Examination Number on every page of your answer booklet(s).

5. Where necessary the following constants may be used:

   1. Acceleration due to gravity, g = 10 m/s² or 10 N/kg

   2. Atmospheric pressure = 0.76 mHg

   3. Density of water = 1 g/cm³

   4. Pi, π = 3.14

SECTION A (30 Marks)

Answer all questions in this section.

1. For each of the items (i) – (x), choose the correct answer among the given alternatives and write its letter beside the item number.

1. One advantage of the lead-acid accumulator is that

   A Its internal resistance is high
   B Its p.d. is less than 2 V
   C It can be recharged
   D Its e.m.f. is more than 10 V
   E It supplies only a small current.

2. When an object moves around a horizontal circle of centre O with a constant speed its acceleration will be:

   A zero

   B towards the centre

   C away from the centre

   D along the tangent to the circle
   E along the direction of rotation

3. A total eclipse of the Sun is due to

   A the Moon coming between the Earth and the Sun
   B the Earth coming between the Moon and the Sun
   C the Moon reflecting light away from the Earth
   D the Sun coming between the Earth and the Moon
   E the Earth reflecting light away from the Moon.

4. Short-sightedness in a human eye is due to

   A eyeball being too short
   B eyeball being too large
   C eye lens being too weak
   D eye lens being smaller than retina
   E eyeball being larger than retina

5. 

   Figure 1

   In Figure 1, a hydraulic press P is used to raise a load of 10000 N. A force F of 25 N is applied at the end of a lever pivoted at O to just raise the load.

   What will be the value of force X applied to the press?
   A 1500 N

   B 100 N

   C 1125 N

   D 33.33 N

   E 13.33 N

   
   

6. The note from a plucked guitar will have a low pitch if the string is

1. thick and long

2. thick and slack

3. thin and slack

4. thin and short

5. thick and short.

1. magnitude of back e.m.f. in a circuit

2. magnitude of induced current in a circuit

3. direction of applied e.m.f. across the circuit

4. direction of induced e.m.f. in a circuit
5. direction of the applied e.m.f. within a circuit.

8. The half-life of a certain radioactive element is 12 hours. What fraction of an element will have disintegrated in 72 hours?

   A 1/64

   B 1/16

   C 1/32

   D 1/8

   E 1/72

   
   

9. The mass of an atom depends on the number of

   A protons only

   B neutrons, electrons and protons
   C electrons and protons

   D neutrons and protons
   E electrons and neutrons

10. The interior structure of the Earth is composed of three major zones which are:

    A magma, mantle and the core
    B lava, crust and magma
    C hypocenter, crust and the mantle
    D the core, lava and hypocenter
    E crust, mantle and the core.

2. Match the items in List A with responses in List B by writing the letter of the correct response beside the item number.

3. For each of the items (i)-(x), fill in the blank spaces by writing the correct answer on the answer booklet provided.

1. Refractive index is a constant involved in                 .

2. The parallel forces which are equal in magnitude but acting in opposite direction to each other are known as                 .

3. Latent heat of vaporization is responsible for changing the state of a substance from liquid to vapour without changing of                 .

4. The multiple reflection of sound waves when they are placed in an enclosed room or cavity is called                 .

5. A radioactive nucleus ¹²³
   decays to ¹¹⁹
   by emitting .

60 58

6. Radiant energy can be detected by means of .

7. In order to measure the current passing through an electric component, ammeter is always connected in                 .

8. Geocentric theory under astronomy study was based on                 .

9. X-rays are electromagnetic waves of very short                 .

10. A point within the Earth where an earthquake begins is called                

SECTION B (60 MARKS)

Answer all questions in this section.

4. (a) Why does a solid body weigh more in air than when immersed in a liquid?

2. An ordinary hydrometer of mass 27 g floats with 4 cm of its stem out of water. If the cross sectional area of the stem is 0.75 cm² calculate:

   1. the total volume of the stem just under the surface of the liquid.

   2. the relative density of the liquid.

3. (i) What do you understand by resolution of a force?

   (ii) A metre rule is pivoted at its mid-point. If two objects of weights 1.0 N and 2.0 N are suspended at 30 cm and 90 cm respectively from one end, calculate the position where an upward force of 3.0 N must be applied in order for the metre rule to balance horizontally.

5. (a) Define the following terms:

   1. Newton.

   2. Inertia.

   3. Linear momentum.

2. Two stones are thrown vertically upwards from the same point with the same velocity of 20 m/s but at an interval of 2 seconds. When they meet, the second stone is rising at 10 m/s. Calculate:

   1. the time taken by the second stone in air before they meet

   2. the velocity of the second stone when they meet.

3. A stationary bomb of mass 5 kg explodes into one part A of mass 2 kg flying off with a velocity of 60 m/s and another part B of mass 3 kg flying off with a certain velocity in the opposite direction. Calculate the

   1. velocity of part B

   2. total kinetic energy produced by the explosion.

6. (a) (i) Explain how a gas exerts pressure on the walls of its container.

   (ii) Give reason why it is not sensible to rub the canvas of a tent in wet weather.

2. Explain two situations in which the phenomenon of surface tension is exhibited.

3. An oil drop of volume 10^-9 m³ spreads out on water to form a film of area 0.2 m².

1. estimate the length of an oil drop.

2. what assumption have you made in calculating part (c) (i) above.

7. (a) (i) Differentiate between resistance and resistivity of a given conductor.

   (ii) Is it possible for two cells in parallel arrangement to drive more current through a resistor than one cell? Give reason.

2. (i) What is ‘1 KILOWATT-HOUR’ as applied to current electricity?

   (ii) If you find a domestic electric bulb rated 60 W, 240 V what does this mean?

3. Find the cost of running five 60 W lamps and for 100 W lamps for 8 hours if electric energy costs Tshs. 27/= per unit.

8. (a) What is meant by the following terms:

   1. global warming.

   2. greenhouse effect.

   3. earthquake.

2. Mention three effects of global warming.

3. (i) What is the major cause of global warming?

(ii) Briefly explain three measures that can be taken to control global warming.

9. (a) Define the following terms:

   1. binding energy.

   2. thermonuclear fusion.

2. (i) What is meant by background count? Give two sources of radiations always present in a neighbourhood of a detector.

2. How does the rate of escape of electrons from a metal relate to its temperature?

3. A sample containing 400 g of iodine-131 has a half-life of 8 days. How much of the sample will remain undecayed after 40 days?

3. A radioactive material is denoted by the symbol ²²⁶
   . Write down the composition of the nucleus during the end of the following stages of disintegration.

   1. the emission of an alpha-particle.

   2. the further emission of a beta-particle.

   3. the further emission of a gamma radiation.

SECTION C (10 Marks)

Answer one (1) question from this section.

10. (a) (i) What is a transistor?

    (ii) Mention two applications of transistors.

2. (i) List down two types of diodes.

(ii) Briefly explain the mode of action of a forward bias in a p-n junction.

2. 

   Figure 2

   Figure 2 shows a common-emitter amplifier circuit.

1. Why is the circuit named so?

2. Explain the function of capacitors C₁ and C₂.

11. (a) State the application of each of the following apparatus:

    1. Manometer

    2. Hygrometer

    3. Barometer.

2. (i) What is a siphon?

(ii) With the help of a labeled diagram explain the principle on which the siphon operates.

2. (i) Briefly explain why a bubble of air increases in volume as it rises from the bottom of a pond to the surface.

(ii) A uniform tube 1.0 m long and closed at its upper end is pushed vertically downward into mercury until the liquid rises 0.2 m inside the tube. Calculate the depth of the open end below the mercury surface.

THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION EXAMINATION

031/1 PHYSICS 1

(For Both School and Private Candidates)

Time: 3 Hours Monday, October 10^th, 2011 a.m.

Instructions

1. This paper consists of sections A, B and C.

2. Answer all questions in sections A and B and one (1) question from section C.

3. Calculators and cellular phones are not allowed in the examination room.

4. Write your Examination Number on every page of your answer booklet(s).

5. Where necessary use the following constants:

1. Acceleration due to gravity, g = 10 m/s²

2. Velocity of sound in air, v = 333m/s

3. Pi, π = 3.14

SECTION A (20 marks)

Answer all questions in this section.

1. For each of the items (i) - (x) choose the correct answer among the given alternatives and write its letter beside the item number.

1. The addition of impurities to element like silicon is aimed at

   A making p-n junction.
   B increasing the conductivity of the element.
   C stabilizing the temperature of the element
   D making the element heavier.
   E increasing the resistivity of the element.

2. According to the usual transformer notation, which of the following equations is correct?

3. When a person perspires on a hot day

   A evaporation occurs and helps to cool the body.
   B heat is conducted away from the body.
   C latent heat keeps the body warm. D the body is insulated from the warm air.
   E convection cools the body.

4. Which of the following sources of energy are non-renewable?

   A Water, wind, wood and natural gas.
   B Fossils, sun, oil and nuclear.
   C Natural gas, water, nuclear and wood.
   D Wind, sun, fossils and oil.
   E Oil and all natural gas.

   
   

5. Heat is supplied at equal rates to equal masses of water and aluminium. The temperature of aluminium rises more quickly than that of water because the aluminium has

   A a lower latent heat.
   B a higher heat capacity.
   C a higher specific heat capacity.
   D a higher latent heat.
   E a lower specific heat capacity.

   
   

6. Which of the following device works on d.c. only?

   A an electric bell.
   B a step-down transformer
   C a transistor
   D an induction coil
   E a step-up transformer

7. Which statement is correct regarding alpha particles?

   A They carry a negative charge.
   B They are hardly deflected by magnetic fields.
   C They travel a long distance in air.
   D They are very penetrating.
   E They are identical with the nuclei of hydrogen atoms.

8. The cost of electricity for a 2000W electric fire used for 10.30 hours at the rate of 8.00 per KWh is shs

   A	shs 160	B	shs 80	C	shs 168
   D	shs 1600	E	shs 3200

9. The following is an important sign that can be observed before an earthquake occurs:

   A The average temperature keeps decreasing daily.
   B Television signals and radio stations are received at a frequency that is below normal.
   C The entire animal kingdom becomes highly disturbed and restless.
   D The level of water in the ocean decreases by one third.
   E Formation of backward rivers due to sudden shaking of the earth.

   
   

10. Water spreads and wets a surface when spilled on it because the

    A adhesive forces between water molecules and surface molecules are large.
    B cohesive forces between water molecules and surface molecules are large.
    C adhesive forces between water molecules are small.
    D cohesive forces between water molecules and surface molecules are small.
    E cohesive forces are greateer than adhesive forces.

2. Math the items in List A with responses in List B by writing the letter of the correct response beside the item number.

3. For each of the items (i)-(x) fill in the blank spaces by writing the correct answer on the answer booklet provided.

1.                     is an instrument which can be used in submarines to view distant objects which are out of direct vision.

2.                     is a coil of low resistance used to control an alternating current.

3. The property of a liquid to form a layer which support a pond skater to walk on it is called                     .

4. According to Archimedes principle upthrust is equal to                     .

5.                     is a refreezing process which demonstrate the effect of pressure on the melting point of ice.

6. To convert a moving coil galvanometer into a voltmeter                    is connected in series with the coil of the galvanometer.

7. The instrument used to record ground movements caused by an earthquake is called                     .

8.                     is a large celestial body made up of hot gases known as plasma.

9. The process in which the emission of radiation by the atmosphere warms the earth’s surface is called                     .

10.                     of water is the decrease in the density of water as it cooled from 4°C to 0°C.

SECTION B (60 marks)

Answer all questions in this section

4. (a) (i) Define moment of a couple

   (ii) Under what conditions will two forces form a couple?

   (b) (i) When is a body said to be in a stable equilibrium?

   (ii) The diameter of a uniform cylinder is 0.2m and its height is 0.4m. The cylinder is placed on an inclined plane. Calculate the maximum angle to the horizontal to which the plane can be inclined before the cylinder falls down.

   (c) (i) State the principle of moment.

   (ii) A heavy metal beam AB of mass 25kg is supported at its ends. The beam carries a mass of 150kg at a distance of 0.75m from end A. If the beam is 2m long, determine the thrust at supports A and B.

   (iii) What assumption will you make to support your calculations in part (c)(ii) above?

5. (a) Heat and temperature are closely related but they are different. State how they are related and how they differ.

   (b) (i) What are the fixed points of a thermometer?

   (ii) The temperature of the melting point of ice and that of steam above water boiling at 760mmHg pressure are marked as 20 and 80 respectively on a certain thermometer. Calculate the thermometer reading when the temperature is 60°C.

   
   

6. (a) (i) What is a sonometer?

   (ii) Briefly explain when resonance is said to occur?

   (b) Two boys at 200m apart stand on one side of a high vertical cliff at the same perpendicular distance from it. When one fires a gun, the other hears the sound 0.6 seconds after the flash and the second sound 0.25 seconds after the first sound. Calculate the perpendicular distance of the two boys from the cliff.

   (c) Figure 1 illustrates part of the displacement-time graph of a wave traveling across water at a particular place with a velocity of 2m/s. Calculate:

   1. the amplitude.

   2. the frequency

   3. the wavelength

7. (a) (i) What are sustainable energy sources?

   (ii) State four applications of energy generated from water.

   (b) (i) Define geothermal energy.

   (ii) Briefly explain how geothermal energy can be harnessed.

   (c) (i) What is a windmill?

   2. Mention three disadvantages of energy caused by wind.

   3. Does wind itself posess energy? Explain.

   
   

8. (a) Explain what will happen when three 1.5V – cells are connected:

   1. in series

   2. in parallel

   (b) If the resistances of the ammeters in Figure 2 are ignored, explain each of the following observations:

   1. when switch S is closed, the current through A₁ is less than that through A₂.

   2. when switch S is opened, the current through A₂ falls.

   3. when switch S is opened, the current through each ammeter is the same.

Figure 2

9. (a) Define the term earthquake.

   (b) Briefly explain the meaning of the following terms as used on earthquake:

   (i) Hypocentre

   (ii) Epicentre

   (c) (i) What is global warming?

   (ii) Name four gases that contribute to global warming and give one source of each.

   
   

SECTION C (10 marks)

Answer one (1) question from this section.

3. An iron cube of mass 480g and density 8g/cm³ is suspended by a string so that it is half immersed in an oil of density 0.9g/cm³. Find the tension in the string.