THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA THE NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL OF TANZANIA  CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION EXAMINATION

011   CIVICS

(For Both School and Private Candidates)

Time 2:30 Hours                                    Monday, 05^th November 2018 p.m.

Instructions

1. This paper consists of sections A, B and C with a total of ten (10) questions.
2.  Answer all questions in sections A and B and three (3) questions from section C.
3.  Section A and B carry 20 marks each and section C carries 60 marks.
4.  Cellular phones and any unauthorised material are not allowed in the examination room.
5.  Write your Examination Number on every page of your answer booklet(s).

SECTION A (20 Marks) 

Answer all questions in this section. 

.1.  For each of the items (i) � (x), choose the correct answer among the given alternatives and write its letter besides the item number in the answer booklet(s) provided.

(i) Human rights abuses experienced by HIV/AIDS patients in Tanzania include

1.  stigmatization. 
2.  food taboos.
3.  gender biases. 
4.  gender stereo typing.
5.  gender discrimination.

(ii) The ability of a person to feel and share another persons emotion is known as

1.  self esteem. 
2.  self-worth.  
3. empathy. 
4.  self-assertive.
5.  love.

(iii) Which among the following institutions is a Social Security Scheme?

1.  NMB    
2.  CRDB  
3.  NBC 
4. PSPF 
5.  TPB

(iv) Which of the following are major pillars of the State?

1.  Executive, Armed Forces and Legislature
2.  Executive, Legislature and Judiciary
3.  The President, the Prime Minister and the Chief Justice
4.   Executive, Armed Forces and Judiciary
5.  The President, the Speaker and the Prime Minister

(v)  A persons ability to appreciate himself or herself is known as

1.  self-submissive.
2. self-assertive. 
3. self esteem. 
4. self-awareness. 
5.  self-aggressive.

(vi)  One of the suitable decision making model in a family life is the one in which 

1. the father makes decisions.
2. all members of the family participate.
3.  father and mother share views.
4.  children can make decision.
5.  the mother can decide on behalf of the father.

(vii) One of the strategy which can be used to contain the challenges of globalization in Africa is

1.  agreement with the IMF conditionality.
2.  formation of regional groupings in Africa.
3.  to increase Africas exports to Europe.
4.  to increase cash crop production in Africa.
5.  to introduce a socialist economy in Africa.

(viii) Which among the following root causes of poverty is beyond the control of the Government of Tanzania?

1.  Unequal exchange in international trade
2.  Communicable diseases
3.  Rapid population growth rate
4.  Mismanagement of public funds
5.  Ignorance of the people

(ix) Why most Tanzanians cannot access credit facilities offered by commercial banks in Tanzania?

1.  They lack a culture of saving.
2.  They lack information on credit facilities.
3.  They lack education.
4.  They lack insurance cover.
5.  They are discouraged by high interest rate.

( x ) Which among the following sources of local government revenue was abolished in Tanzania?

1. Levies
2. Central government subsidy
3. Property tax
4. License fees
5. Development levy

2. Match the items in List A with the correct response in List B by writing the letter of the corresponding response beside the item number in the answer booklet(s) provided.

SECTION B (20 Marks) 

Answer all questions in this section.

 3. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.

The process by which children learn to behave in a way that is acceptable in their society is influenced by cultural norms, beliefs and values during the various stages of childs development in a given society settings. Parents especially mothers play a key role in this process by encouraging the same cultural values and norms and attitudes she was taught and experienced in her lifetime. Thus social construction of gender role takes place at household level where girls and boys are assigned gender role by the parents. Patriarchy is the dominating established system that maintains the way by which children/ adult learn to behave as men and women without questioning.

The girl child is discriminated even before she is born. In some culture, the birth of a baby boy is highly celebrated compared to that of a girl. The song for boy child " keep quite my child you will build for me, you will protect me." For a girl child " Keep quite my child you will grind for me, you will bring me water and firewood."

In most societies boys are viewed as pillars of strength, and keepers of property, bearers of clan name, also as permanent members of the family. By contrast girls are viewed as "bearers of children and temporary members of the family." Girls also are denied the right to inherit land or family property.

Basically, the girl child like her mother has limited chances to education, training and personal development due to unequal access to resources, cultural and religious beliefs. Today there are still people who believe that educating a girl is wastage of resources.

Questions

1.  Suggest a suitable title for the passage.
2.  Show how the girl child is being perceived in a society. (Give two points).
3.  What does gender role mean according to the author.
4.  According to the author, the birth of a baby boy is highly celebrated as compared to that of a baby girl .Why is the case? (Give two points).
5.  In what ways the girl child rights are undermined? (Give three points).

 4. (a) List down five sources of the Central Government Revenue.

     (b) Outline five functions of the Judiciary.

SECTION C (60 Marks)

Answer three (3) questions from this section. Each question carries 20 marks.

5. Analyse six cultural values that encourage gender discrimination in Tanzania.

6. Despite her abundant resources, Tanzania is still considered as a poor country. Show six indicators of Poverty in Tanzania.

7.To a great extent election in Tanzania is democratic, free and fair. Use six points to validate this statement.

8.  Examine six major functions of local governments in Tanzania.

9. Suggest six measures which can be used to improve the agricultural sector in Tanzania.

10. Show six efforts made since independence to promote and protect human rights in Tanzania.

THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA NATIONAL EXAMINATION COUNCIL CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION EXAMINATION 

011   CIVICS

(For Both School and Private Candidates)

Time: 2:30 Hours                      Monday, 30^thOctober 2017 a.m

Instructions

1.  This paper consists of sections A, B and C with a total of ten (10) questions.
2. Answer all questions in sections A and B and three (3) questions from section C.
3. Section A and B carry 20 marks each and section C carries 60 marks.
4. Cellular phones and any unauthorised materials are not allowed in the examination room.
5. Write your Examination Number on every page of your answer booklet(s).

SECTION A (20 marks)

Answer all questions in this section.

1.  For each of the items (i) - (x), choose the correct answer among the given alternatives and write its letter beside the item number in the answer booklet(s) provided.

(i)  The elephant tusk on the coat of arms represent

1. state power
2. natural resources
3. national prestige 
4. peoples power
5. national freedom

(ii)Which of the following is NOT a correct characterization of the informal sector in Tanzania?

1. lack of permanent business premises
2. business activities are regulated by taxation laws
3.  employees lack social security protection 
4. employees have little job security 
5. employees� wages are often low.

(iii) A gift that is given to the bride or her parents by the future husband in consideration for marriage is called

1. inheritance 
2. engagement ring 
3. dowry 
4. a wedding present
5. a souvenir.

(iv)  When local governments enact laws in their areas of authority, the laws are called

1. Standing orders 
2. Local government order
3. Bills 
4. Manifesto
5. By laws.

(v)   A condition whereby individual rights are restricted to safeguard the rights of other people is known as

1.  protection of human rights 
2. execution of the natural justice
3. the rule of law 
4. limitation of human rights
5. violation of human rights.

(vi) In the United Republic of Tanzania, the Judiciary is headed by the

1. Chief Justice
2. Attorney General
3. Director of Public Prosecution 
4. Prime Minister
5. Minister for Legal and Constitutional Affairs.

(vii)The first permanent constitution in Tanzania was enacted in

1. 1964
2. 1965
3. 1984  
4. 1977
5. 1992.

(viii)An organized body of persons who form an agency of the state is known as

1. Government 
2. Executive 
3. Legislative 
4. The armed force
5. Judiciary.

(ix)  The right to voluntarily belong to any organization is known as

1. freedom of expression 
2. the right to life 
3. freedom of association
4. freedom of assembly
5. right to equality.

(x)Which of the following are Commercial Banks in Tanzania?

1. GEPF, NBC and TIB.  
2. NBC, CRDB and GEPF.
3. NMB, SACCOS and NIHF.
4. NBC, CRDB and PSPF.
5. NBC, NMB and CRDB.

2. Match the items in List A with the correct response in List B by writing the letter of the corresponding response beside the item number in the answer booklet(s) provided.

         SECTION B (20 marks)

Answer all questions in this section.

3.   Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.

Suicide is one of the critical problems of adolescent today. This disastrous act is committed for different reasons. Some adolescents often feel that death is the only way out of intolerable situations. Those terminally ill and those incapacitated by serious illness or injuries commit suicide to avoid further pain. Yet others commit suicide to draw attention, to teach those who hurt them a lesson and to punish themselves for the shame they might have caused to others. 

Most adolescents who commit suicide do so as a reaction to previous distressing events. Such common events include conflicts within the adolescent�s families, their failure to live up to the parents� or guardians expectations and the adolescent�s failure to develop adequate interpersonal relationships within their families. These events often leads to suicide signals such as threatening to commit suicide or displaying actual tendencies to suicide and serious suicide attempts whereby the adolescent survives or leads to actual suicide. 

The signals of suicide among adolescent include previous attempts, threat to commit suicide, feelings of alienation and loneliness and the presence of mental illness especially depression. Other signals are lack of adequate impulse control, unexpected severe and prolonged stress and negative emotions.

Questions

1.  Provide a suitable title for the passage.
2. What is the attitude of some adolescents towards death?
3. Mention any two factors from the passage that compel some of the youth to commit suicide.
4. List down two suicide signals among the adolescents.
5. What is the attitude of the author towards suicide tendencies among the adolescent?

4.   (a) Outline five merits of making responsible decision.

        (b) Briefly explain five importance of work for self-development.            

SECTION C (60 marks) 

Answer three (3) questions from this section.  Each question carries 20 marks.

5.In six points, differentiate democratic governments from non-democratic governments.

6. Show how Tanzania can contain the challenges posed by globalization by giving six points.

7. To what extent financial institutions in Tanzania can pave the way to economic prosperity of Tanzanians? (Give six points).

8. Tanzania is a signatory of the 1948 United Nations Declaration of Human rights. To what extent are human rights protected in Tanzania? (Give six points).

9.   Examine six root causes of poverty in Tanzania.

10. Most members in your community are not aware on the causes of high incidences of road accidents. As a knowledgeable community member, briefly explain six causes of road accidents in Tanzania.

THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA NATIONAL EXAMINATION COUNCIL
 CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION EXAMINATION 

011 CIVICS

(For Both School and Private Candidates)

Time: 2:30 Hours Friday, 04 November 2016 p.m.

Instructions

1. This paper consists of sections A, B and C.
2. Answer all questions in sections A and B and three ( 3) questions from section C.
3. Section A and B carry 20 marks each and section C carries 60 marks.
4. Cellular phones are not allowed in the examination room.
5. Write your Examination Number on every page of your answer booklet(s).

SECTION A ( 20 marks)
Answer all questions in this section.

1. For each of the items ( i) - (x) , choose the correct answer among the given alternatives and write its letter beside the item number in the answer booklet(s) provided.

(i) Which of the following are inscribed on the Coat of arms of Tanzania?

1.  giraffe and hammer. 
2.  flag and giraffe.
3.  hoe and hammer. 
4.  forest and trees.
5.  trees and hoe.

(ii) Before marriage men and women develop friendship, this period of friendship is called

1.  courtship 
2.  infidelity
3.  early marriage 
4.  initiation period
5.  kitchen party.

(iii) The assigning of roles, tasks and responsibilities to a particular gender on the basis of fixed biases is called

1.  gender analysis 
2.  gender bias
3.  gender mainstreaming 
4.  gender blind
5.  gender stereotyping.

(iv) Inadequate provision of food, shelter, clothing and access to clean water is an indication of

1.  poverty circle 
2.  absolute poverty
3.  relative poverty 
4.  income poverty
5.  poverty line.

(v) The rural authority of the local government consists of

1.  ward, town and municipal councils
2.  town, municipal and city councils
3.  district, municipal and city councils
4.  village governments, ward governments and district councils
5.  village councils, town councils and city councils.

(vi) Amnesty International is an international agency which promotes

1.  environmental conservation
2.  gender balance
3.  awareness on human rights abuse
4.  globalization
5.  conflict settlement in developing countries.

(vii) The majority rule in Zanzibar was achieved on

1.  12 ^th December 1962 
2.  26^th April 1964
3.  9 ^th December 1963 
4.  12^th Aprill 1965
5. 12 ^th January 1964.

(viii) A voting area electing a representative to the National Assembly is called

1.  municipal council 
2.  a constituency
3.  proportional representation 
4.  universal suffrage
5.  a polling station.

( ix) The ability of a person to convey ideas, feelings, thoughts to be known to others is known as

1.  negotiation skills 
2.  empathy
3.  peer pressure 
4.  effective communication skills
5.  friendship formation.

(x) Social development refers to

1.  improvement of peoples welfare in the society
2.  improvement in relations among the people
3.  improved women welfare in the society
4.  high literacy rate in the society
5.  peace and harmony in the society.

2. Match the items in List A with the correct response in List B by writing the letter of the corresponding response beside the item number in the answer booklet(s) provided.

SECTION B ( 20 marks)

Answer all questions in this section.

3. Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.

Historically the question of human rights has been constantly attracting International attention. In different places all over the word Tanzania included, human rights are being violated at different levels ranging from the central government itself, local government, public institutions such as court and police, society and even at the level of the family and religion to mention few. Due to ignorance caused by lack of information and poverty, the victims of human rights do not know that they are violating them.

To combat the problem of violating human rights in Tanzania appropriate measures need to be taken. The first alternative is the on-going improvement of human rights education to the entire public. All citizens should be educated on human rights. Authorities such as police, people�s militia, executives, members of the parliament, councillors, teachers, employers and parents should know human rights.

The second steps is to know where to go when human rights are violated. In most cases violations occur to individuals. The court system and the police are the major organs that protect human rights. However, these organs may not help if human rights education is not provided. There is a need to form local human rights groups which will serve well even when an individual alone cannot get his/her rights. Such groups can be formed by students, women, workers, villagers or professionals, disabled, retired employers etc.

These groups will serve as regulators when any person or group is denied his/her rights. They will have a strong and common voice against any violation. This behaviour will enable even law enforcers such as police, tax officers, magistrates and judges to be careful when doing their duties. This will ensure and enhance the commitment of lawyers and judges to interpret the laws accordingly.

Questions

( a) Suggest the suitable title for the passage.

(b) According to the passage, name two violators of human rights in our society.

(c) In the contest of this passage, outline two strategies that can be used to protect human rights in Tanzania.

(d)In your views, what do you think is the role of the judiciary in protecting human rights in Tanzania? Give two points.

(e) Point out two negative effects of human rights abuse.

4. ( a) Outline five roles of Commercial Banks in Tanzania. 

(b) Briefly explain five elements of culture.

SECTION C ( 60 marks)
Answer three (3) questions from this section. Each question carries 20 marks.

5. The multiparty system is more democratic than a single party system. In the light of this statement examine six merits of multiparty democracy to a country like Tanzania.

6. Show how a responsible Tanzanian citizen can contribute to the welfare and prosperity of the country by giving six points.

7. Proponents of globalization argue that globalization is a catalyst of development while the opponents contend that it is a new form of neo-colonialism to developing countries. Discuss six demerits of globalization to a country like Tanzania.

8. Road accidents in Tanzania have now reached unacceptable proportions. Suggest six measures to alleviate road accidents in Tanzania.

9. � High standard of life and work are inseparable�. In the light of this statement examine the importance of work to human development by giving six points.

10. Discuss the importance of the culture of preventive care and maintenance of individual and public property by giving six points.

THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA NATIONAL EXAMINATION COUNCIL
 CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION EXAMINATION 

011 CIVICS

( For Both School and Private Candidates)

Time: 2:30 Hours Monday, 02 November 2015 p.m.

Instructions

1. This paper consists of sections A, B and C.
2. Answer all questions in sections A and B and three (3) questions from section C.
3. Section A and B carry 20 marks each and section C carries 60 marks.
4. Cellular phones are not allowed in the examination room.
5. Write your Examination Number on every page of your answer booklet(s).

SECTION A (20 mar ks)
Answer all questions in this section.

1. For each of the items ( i) � (x), choose the correct answer among the given alternatives and write its letter beside the item number.

(i) The following are components of a nation except

1. territory
2. people
3.  government 
4.  national flag
5.  international recognition.

(ii) A nuclear family consist of

1.  wife, husband, children and relatives 
2.  wife, grandmother, father and children.
3.  one parent with children 
4.  wife, sister and grandfather
5.  wife, husband and children.

(iii) A continuous situation in which the poor do not improve their condition and status is called

1.  poverty line 
2.  poverty cycle
3.  debt burden 
4.  daily poverty
5.  relative poverty.

(iv) The essence of an independent judiciary is to

1.  contain powers of the President 
2.  promote minority rights
3.  promote rule of law 
4.  maintain lawyers prestige
5.  promote free and fair election.

(v) In a democratic state the legitimacy of the government is obtained through

1.  democratic campaigns 
2.  democratic elections
3.  independency of the parliament 
4.  democratic mass rallies
5.  political party propaganda.

(vi) The two categories of local government authorities are

1.  street and town governments 
2.  village and street authorities
3.  districts and urban authorities 
4.  village councils and village authorities
5.  urban councils and village authorities.

(vii) Which of the following is the second step in a healthy decision making?

1.  Listing possible solution. 
2.  Evaluation.
3.  Making decision. 
4.  Checking the result.
5.  Identifying the problem.

(viii) Which of the following types of work involves the use of more mental skills than physical strengths?

1.  Nursing and teaching. 
2.  Carpentry and teaching.
3.  Farming and nursing. 
4.  Teaching and lumbering.
5.  Carpentry and mining.

(ix) Choosing the best option after learning the consequences of each option is known as

1.  creative thinking 
2.  self esteem
3.  problem solving skills 
4.  rational decision making
5.  coping with stress.

(x) One of the major aspect of globalization is

1.  increased public ownership of the major means of production
2.  favourable international terms of trade to third world countries
3.  poverty reduction in developing countries
4.  increased investment from third world to developed countries
5.  revolution in information and communication technology.

2. Match the items in List A with the correct response in List B by writing the letter of the corresponding response beside the item number in the answer booklet.

SECTION B (20 mar ks)

Answer all questions in this section.

3. Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.

Around the world and in Tanzania in particular, the growing gaps between the rich and the poor in the recent decades have forced millions of young children out of school and into work. The International Labour Organization estimates that 215 million children between the age of 5 and 17 currently work under conditions considered illegal, hazardous or extremely exploitative. Under age children work at all sorts of jobs around the world, usually because they and their families are extremely poor.

These child labourers suffer extreme illness, exploitation, injuries and death in underground mines, open cast mines and quarries. Children as young as 6 or 7 years old break up rocks, sieve and carry ore, some of them especially girls work in domestic services, sometimes starting as young as 5 or 6 years. These types of child labour are linked to child trafficking. Domestic child labourers can be victims of physical, emotional and sometimes sexual abuse.

Worse still domestic child labourers, particularly girls, have been considered as sexual objects by male members of the family and in some cases including heads of the families. Additionally, sexual protective gears such as condoms may not be used in the actions, as a result the house girl may conceive, get infected with STIs, HIV and AIDS or both. Inmost cases a pregnant girl may be chased out of the house without any help, forced to take an abortion or sometimes given a few money which is enough for bus fair to reach her parents� home. These options are taken to avoid leakage of information on her pregnancy and confrontations in the family.

Questions

1. Suggest the suitable title for this passage and give reasons for your suggestion.
2. Account for the root causes of child labour in Tanzania.
3. Point out two risks facing domestic child labourers.
4. Define child labour according to International Labour Organization.
5. According to the passage, what are the risks of having unprotected sex?

4. (a) Briefly outline five responsibilities of a good citizen in Tanzania.

(b) List down five importance of human rights to Tanzanians.

SECTION C (60 mar ks)
 Answer three (3) questions from this section. Each question carries 20 marks. 

5. Discuss six functions of the Parliament of the United Republic of Tanzania in the governing process of the country.

6. Explain six elements of culture.

7. Examine the importance of life skills to the youth in Tanzania by giving six points.

8. Assess six significances of National Festival and Public Holidays to Tanzania.

9. Examine the importance of local governments in Tanzania by giving six points.

10. Despite the fact that Tanzania is endowed with many resources, it is economically underdeveloped. Discuss six factors needed for economic development of Tanzania to take off.

THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA NATIONAL EXAMINATION COUNCIL CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION EXAMINATION

 011 CIVICS

(For Both School and Private Candidates)

Time: 2:30 Hours Monday, 03^rdNovember 2014 p.m.

Instructions

1.  This paper consists of sections A, B and C.

2.  Answer all questions in sections A and B and three (3) questions from section C.

3.  Section A and B carry 20 marks each and section C carries 60 marks.

4.  Cellular phones are not allowed in the examination room.

5.  Write your Examination Number on every page of your answer booklet(s).

SECTION A (20 marks) 

Answer all questions in this section.

1.  For each of the items (i � x), choose the correct answer among the given alternatives and write its letter beside the item number.

(i)  A school authority which discourages female students to opt for technical subjects is likely to be influenced by

1.   gender discrimination 
2.  gender stereotyping
3.  gender analysis 
4.  gender
5.  gender balance

(ii)  The experiences of the past which are inherited by the society and are unchangeable are called

1.   traditions  
2.  norms
3.  customs 
4.  ethics
5.  moral values.

(iii)  The leader of government business in the Parliament of the United Republic of Tanzania is the

1.   Attorney General 
2.  Speaker
3.  Prime Minister 
4.  Chief Justice
5.  President of the United Republic.

(iv)  Which of the following is not a function of the Commission for Human Rights and Good Governance in Tanzania?

1.   Promote the protection and preservation of human rights.
2.   Receive the allegations and complaints of violation of human rights.
3.   Visit prisons with the view of assessing conditions of prisoners.
4.   Institute legal proceedings to public officials accused of corruption.
5.   Cooperate with agencies of the United Nation in the areas of human rights.

(v)  The national motto of the United Republic of Tanzania inscribed on the coat of arms is

1.   freedom and unity 
2.  freedom and work
3.  ujamaa and self�reliance 
4.  people and development
5.  education for self�reliance.

(vi)  A custom of having more than one wife is known as

1.   courtship 
2.  cohabitation
3.  engagement 
4.  polygamy
5.  extended family

(vii)  Which of the following organ is responsible for planning and coordinating village activities?

1.   Village Assembly. 
2.  Village Committees.
3.  Ward Committee. 
4.  Ward development committee.
5.  Village Council.

(viii)  The important feature of the Constitutional Monarchy is

1.  the Prime Minister is the ceremonial Head of the State
2.   the King or Queen is the ceremonial Head of the State
3.   ministers are not members of the Legislature
4.   the King or Queen have executive powers
5.   there is no separation of powers of the three government organs.

(ix)  Bus accidents in Tanzania are caused by both human and external factors. The external factors include

1.  excessive speed
2.  overtaking errors
3.  parking errors
4.  reckless driving
5.  poor road condition.

(x)  Which of the following is not a core function of Commercial Banks in Tanzania?

1.   Receive deposit from people.
2.   Advance loans to people.
3.   Provides insurance services to clients.
4.   Agents of money transfer.
5.   Provides business advice to clients.

2.  Match the items in List A with the correct responses in List B by writing the letter of the corresponding response beside the item number.

 SECTION B (20 marks) 

Answer all questions in this section.

3. Read the following passage and then answer the questions that follow.

Natural resources can be classified as non�renewable and renewable. Non�renewable or exhaustible resources such as fossil fuels, copper, and gold exist in fixed amount in various places in the earth crust. They can be used completely or economically depleted to the point where it costs too much to get what is left, when 80 percent of its total estimated supply has been removed and used.

A renewable resource is one that can theoretically last forever, because it is replaced through natural process. Examples are trees in the forest, grasses in grasslands, wild animals, fresh surface water in lakes and rivers, fresh air and fertile soils. The earth most valuable resources, is its diversity of potentially renewable forms of life. But over use can convert renewable resources to non�renewable by using them faster than they can be replenished.

Some non�renewable resources can be recycled or reused to extend supplies. Iron, aluminium, glass, for example, can be collected, remelted, reprocessed and made into new products. Also to avoid excessive use of resources, recycling of papers products needlessly burned or thrown away, reduce timber needs for the paper industry. Domestic refuse can be used to generate power particularly for local districts heating and lighting schemes, though care must be taken when incinerating to avoid air pollution problems.

Other non�renewable resources, such as fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas), cannot be recycled or reused. When burned, the high quality useful energy in these fuels is converted to low quality waste heat and exhausted gases that pollute the atmosphere.

Questions

(a)  From the passage, identify two resources which can be replaced through the natural process.

(b)  State three merits of recycling non�renewable resources.

(c)  List down three environmental problems associated with burning of fossil fuels.

(d)  Explain the condition under which renewable resources cannot be renewed.

(e)  Suggest two measures to promote sustainable use of natural resources.

4. (a) Outline the consequences of improper behaviour among the youth in Tanzania by giving at least five points.

 (b) Briefly explain the importance of family stability by giving five points.

SECTION C (60 marks) 

Answer three (3) questions from this section. Each question carries 20 marks.

5.  Tanzania is credited for promoting and broadening the scope of democracy. Give six points to show the validity of this statement.

6.  Identify and explain six traditions and customs which influence the subordination and exploitation of women in Tanzania.

7.  The concept of globalization is sometimes misunderstood. Provide a broader view by examining six aspects of globalization.

8.  The industrial sector plays a key role in the economy of any country. Give six points to illustrate the importance of small scale industries to people�s development in the rural areas in Tanzania.

9.  Despite the government efforts, the war against poverty in Tanzania is yet to be won. Analyse nine root causes of poverty in Tanzania.

10.  Elaborate six interpersonal skills which will enable you to cope with life after completion of secondary school education.

THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA NATIONAL EXAMINATION COUNCIL CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION EXAMINATION

(For School Candidates Only)

Time: 2:30 Hours Wednesday, 06^thNovember 2013 a.m.

Instructions

1.  This paper consists of sections A, B and C.

2.  Answer all questions in sections A and B and three (3) questions from section C.

3.  Section A and B carry 20 marks each and section C carries 60 marks.

4.  Cellular phones are not allowed in the examination room.

5.  Write your Examination Number on every page of your answer booklet(s). 

SECTION A (20 marks)

Answer all questions in this section.

1.  For each of the items (i � x), choose the correct answer among the given alternatives and write its letter beside the item number in your answer booklet.

(i)  Biological differences between men and women is referred to as

1.   sex 
2.  gender
3.  gender analysis 
4.  masculinity
5.  gender gap

(ii)  Which of the following is the major driving force of globalization? 

1.  Free movement of labour in developing nations.
2.  Increased direct foreign investment in developing nations.
3.  Revolution in information and communication technology.
4.  The introduction of multiparty system in many countries.
5.  Increased freedom of the mass media.

(iii)  The United Nations adopted the Universal Declaration of Human rights in

1.   1945 
2.  1947 
3.  1948
4.  1966 
5.  1965.

(iv)  A culture of preventive care and maintenance of public property should be encouraged in Tanzania because

1.   it promotes environmental cleanliness and conservation
2.   it is an international standard of public property maintenance
3.   it is a condition attached to donors assistance
4.   public properties are important cultural heritage
5.   it can reduce costs of repair and prolong the life span of the property.

(v)  The Chief Executive Officer of the city council is the

1.   Mayor 
2.  Deputy Mayor
3.  City Director 
4.  Regional Administrative Secretary
5.  Regional Commissioner.

(vi)  One of the advantages of Saving and Credit Cooperative Societies (SACCOS) over other financial institutions is

1.   better terms on their credit facilities and insurance premium
2.   better terms to savings and credit facilities to their members
3.   better money transfer services offered
4.   there is no interest on credit facilities extended to their members
5.   members are allowed to maintain their savings in foreign currency.

(vii)  The ability of a person to analyse, evaluate and describe the quality of something, an action or decision is referred to as

1.  creative thinking
2.  decision making
3.  problem solving 
4.  critical thinking
5.  self�confidence.

(viii)  In order to make a healthy decision on any problem the first important stage is to

1.   develop self confidence
2.   choose the best alternative solution
3.   seek guidance and counselling from peers
4.   seek advice from religious leaders
5.   identify and clearly understand the challenge.

(ix)  The most important feature of the 1979 Zanzibar Constitution was that it

1.   introduced direct elections for the House of Representative
2.   introduced a Bill of rights
3.   enhanced the people�s power at grassroots
4.   created a legislative body called the House of Representatives
5.   consolidated the union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar.

(x)  It is important to preserve our national culture because it

1.   is a tourists attraction
2.   is our historical heritage
3.   is an expression of national identity and pride
4.   is an agent of socialization.
5.   promotes our moral values.

2.  Match the items in List A with the correct responses in List B by writing the letter of the corresponding response beside the item number.

SECTION B (20 marks)

Answer all questions in this section.

3. Read the following passage and then answer the questions that follow.

Investing in the education of girls could be one of the investments with the highest returns in Tanzania. There is a widespread perception that better educated women are able to process information and to use goods and services more efficiently. Evidence from many studies demonstrate that in the long run, increased education for women could contribute to improved quality of life and enhances national development through increased economic production, improved hygienic practices, as well as reduced child mortality and better nutritional practices. Educated women are better prepared to provide healthcare, to educate their children and to reduce their fertility to desired levels.

In Tanzania, children acquire gender role identity as a consequence of the differential treatment, expectations, and reinforcement given to girls and boys by their parents, teachers, and the society. cultural factors have a pervasive influence on the situation of female education. The Tanzanian culture has an inherent gender bias which adversely affects females. These customary practices include early marriages and parental preference for a �wife and mother� role for daughters. These strongly shape the aspirations of girls and they may drop out of formal schooling system prematurely, either physically or intellectually.

Among the strategies taken by the government to ensure that girls were enrolled in primary schools on equal number as boys include the enactment of the Education Act of 1969. The act provided legal backing to ensure that children were not withdrawn from school before completing the primary school cycle. Also important was the introduction of Universal Primary Education in 1974 and the Education Act No. 25 of 1978, which gave the government powers to enforce compulsory enrolment and attendance of girls and boys in schools. Through these efforts the gross enrolment ratio reached 93 percent in the late 1980s.

However, the quality of primary education in Tanzania has suffered from underfunding and pupil�s development of critical thinking has been undermined by class size and for girls particularly, by a curriculum which perpetuates gender stereotyping.

Questions

(a)  Why investment in the education of girls can have the highest returns in Tanzania?

(b)  Point out two cultural factors which affect the education of a girl child in Tanzania.

(c)  State three ways through which children acquire gender roles in Tanzania.

(d)  Outline two challenges facing primary education in Tanzania.

(e)  Give two reasons behind increased enrolment of girls and boys in the late 1980s.

4. (a) Outline five traditions and customs which affect the reproductive health of women in Tanzania.

 (b) Explain the significance of the National Anthem by giving five points.

SECTION C (60 marks)

Answer three (3) questions from this section. Each question carries 20 marks.

5.  Tanzania is now more of a buyer of goods and services than a seller country. Analyse six strategies which can be employed to speed up industrial development in Tanzania.

6.  Show six efforts made since independence to promote and preserve national culture in Tanzania.

7.  Examine six root causes of improper behaviour among the youth in Tanzania.

8.  The private sector in Tanzania is growing very fast but facing many challenges. Suggest six measures to address the challenges facing the private sector in Tanzania.

9.  The struggle against women discrimination and oppression is facing many challenges in Tanzania. Examine four institutions which undermine women in Tanzania.

10.  HIV/AIDS is a threat to future prosperity of many nations. Elaborate six socio economic impacts of HIV/AIDS to people in Tanzania.

THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA NATIONAL EXAMINATION COUNCIL CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION EXAMINATION

011 CIVICS

(For School Candidates Only)

Time: 2:30 Hours Monday, 8^thOctober 2012 a.m

Instructions

1. This paper consists of sections A, B and C.

2. Answer all questions in sections A and B and three (3) questions from section C.

3. Section A and B carry 20 marks each and section C carries 60 marks.

4. Cellular phones are not allowed in the examination room.

5. Write your Examination Number on every page of your answer booklet(s).

SECTION A (20 marks)

Answer all questions in this section.

1. For each of the items (i � x), choose the correct answer among the given alternatives and write its letter beside the item number in your answer booklet.

(i) The non biological roles performed by men and women in a society are called

1.  gender roles 
2.  cultural roles
3.  femininity roles
4.  parental roles
5.  marital roles.

(ii) Which of the following is the organ which oversees the day to day activities and makes decisions on matters concerning the village?

1.  Village government. 
2.  Village assembly.
3.  Village council.
4.  Village social council.
5.  Village development committee.

(iii) The right of people to belong to an organization is called freedom of

1.  expression 
2.  association
3.  property
4.  press
5.  movement.

(iv) Which of the following is not the source of national income in Tanzania?

1.  development levy. 
2.  income tax.
3.  profits from parastatals
4.  licence fees.
5.  grants or aids.

(v) In many societies traditional folk tales and songs continue to have importance mainly because they

1.  encourage contacts with other societies 
2.  inculcate family values
3.  are used in wedding ceremonies
4.  help to maintain cultural identity
5.  attract tourists.

(vi) Tanzania has included the life skills education in its curriculum because it

1.  helps people to cope with urban life easily
2.  increases productivity and comfortability of life
3.  reduces the sense of personal esteem
4.  helps people to become wealthy
5.  helps people to obey their cultural values.

(vii) The legal instrument which gives powers and responsibilities to leaders of a country is

1.  parliament 
2.  executive
3.  constitution
4.  ruling party
5.  judiciary.

(viii) The major drawbacks to industrial prosperity in Tanzania include 

1.  unskilled labour, weak technological base and poor infrastructure
2.  lack of arable land, weak technological base and poor infrastructure
3.  shortage of raw materials, weak technological base and poor infrastructure
4.  high mortality rate, weak technological base and poor infrastructure
5.  lack of capital, weak technological base and poor infrastructure.

(ix) The type of electoral system in Tanzania is known as the

1.  proportional system 
2.  combined system
3.  complex majority system
4.  simple majority system
5.  parallel system.

(x) A social group of people living together with their own government, language, traditions and history is called

1.  nation 
2.  community
3.  family
4.  government
5.  constituency.

2. Match the items in List A with the correct responses in List B by writing the letter of the corresponding response beside the item number.

SECTION B (20 marks)

Answer all questions in this section.

3. Read the following passage and then answer the questions that follow.

Members of international community interact in various ways. The most common is through different international organizations. These organizations are in three main categories namely? global, regional and sub regional. This form of interaction may be for various purposes like political, economic and even sports.

At the political level, the most important organization since the Second World War is the United Nations Organization (UNO). It was established in 1945 with the main purpose of maintaining the world peace and security.

The main organs of the UNO are the General Assembly in which each member of the UNO is invited on equal terms. On the other hand, the Security Council has segregation with the five permanent members having the greater rights than others. These members hold Veto power which means that any one of them can block any decision in the Council. The permanent members are joined by other ten members who hold the position for two years. they are chosen on the basis of geographical location and other qualifications.

Notwithstanding, the fact that the UNO represents the highest aspirations of the world�s peoples for a world free of war, hunger, repression and suffering? there are very strong criticism of UNO performance. Some analysts have felt that UNO has been too passive in the pursuit of peace in the world particularly over the two decades. Cases like Rwanda, Burundi, Somalia and Palestine and Israel are illustrative.

On the African continent, the most important institution is the African Union (AU). This is a new organization established in 2002 transformed from currently non�operational Organization of African Unity (OAU). The OAU had a long history. It was established in 1963 by heads of states and governments of independent African Countries. Its main preoccupation was Liberation of African

States and consolidation of independent African States. In the post liberation era on the continent, the African Union is expected to address economic and other problems facing Africa.

Questions

(a) From the passage you have read, is the United Nations a democratic organization? Give reason for your answer.

(b) From your own understanding, list five permanent members of UNO which have Veto power.

(c) From the passage, what are the major achievements of OAU?

(d) (i) From your own knowledge, mention the city in which the headquarters of UNO is located.

(ii) Apart from its basic duty which is to maintain the world peace and security, mention other three important functions of UNO according to this passage?

(e) From your own understanding, mention any three sub regional organizations found in Africa (Write them in a short and long form).

4. (a) What do you understand by the term �early marriages?� Briefly explain four effects of early marriage.

(b) Briefly explain the main five functions of the Central Bank of Tanzania (B.O.T)

SECTION C (60 marks)

Answer three (3) questions from this section. Each question carries 20 marks.

5. �Most countries in the World hold general elections, but the challenge remains on the extent to which a particular election is free and fair.� In the light of this quotation, examine six conditions for free and fair election.

6. Give six points to elaborate the importance of studying Civics.

7. The informal sector is one of the fast growing sectors in economy. Explain six major problems facing the informal sector in Tanzania.

8. �The debate on the merits and demerits of globalization sometimes generate more questions than answers.� In the light of this quotation, show six socio�economic demerits of globalization in Tanzania.

9. Describe nine elements of proper behaviour in a society.

10. Identify and explain six factors required for economic development.

THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA NATIONAL EXAMINATION COUNCIL CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION EXAMINATION

(For School Candidates Only)

Time: 2:30 Hours Monday, 3^rdOctober 2011 p.m.

Instructions

1.  This paper consists of sections A, B and C.

2.  Answer all questions in sections A and B and three (3) questions from section C.

3.  Calculators are not allowed in the examination room.

4.  Cellular phones are not allowed in the examination room.

5.  Write your Examination Number on every page of your answer booklet(s).

SECTION A (20 marks)

Answer all questions in this section.

1.  For each of the items (i � x), choose the correct answer among the given alternatives and write its letter beside the item number.

(i)  Zebra crossing is an important traffic sign because it

1.  enables pedestrians to walk across the road safely
2.   shows the presence of wild animals along the road
3.   enables the law enforcers to apprehend law breakers
4.   reduces traffic congestion
5.   enables school children to walk across the road safely.

(ii)  Family stability in a society is important because 

1.  it ensures job security
2.   it helps people to live a comfortable life
3.   it protects immoralities in the society
4.   it is a bridge to community conflicts
5.   it guarantees the society with a good source of income.

(iii)  Which of the following is not an indicator of poverty?

1.   Low per capita income 
2.  High illiteracy rate
3.  Dependant economy 
4.  Low mortality rate
5.  Environmental destruction.

(iv)  Norms of conduct which differ from one society to another and change from time to time are known as

1.   traditions 
2.  crafts 
3.  customs
4. D rituals 
5. E values.

(v)  The branch of central government responsible for administrative duties is called

1.   Judiciary 
2.  Legislature
3.  Secretariat 
4.  The cabinet
5.  The executive.

(vi)  The constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania was amended to include provisions for the bill of rights in

1.   1992 
2.  1984 
3.  1979
4.  1977 
5.  1967

(vii)  Under normal circumstances, a marriage is preceded by friendship between a man and woman. Such friendship is called

1.   honeymoon 
2.  cohabitation 
3.  early marriage
4.  courtship 
5.  infidelity.

(viii)  One of the following encourages and cultivate values, knowledge and ability to perceive things

1.   cooperative techniques 
2.  problem solving
3.  life skills promotion 
4.  initiation and mediation
5.  guidance and counselling.

(ix)  Many Tanzanians cannot access credit from financial institutions due to

1.   political strings attached to loans
2.   lack of enough financial institutions
3.   lack of entrepreneurial skills and security
4.   lack of proper identification
5.   lack of political influence.

(x)  The organs responsible for administering elections in Tanzania are

1.   REDET and TEMCO 
2.  ZEC and NEC
3.  ZLSC and ILHR 
4.  CCM and CUF
5.  EAC and SADC.

2.  Match the items in List A with the correct responses in List B by writing the letter of the corresponding response beside the item number.

SECTION B (20 marks)

Answer all questions in this section.

3. Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.

Women in Tanzania and all over the world have been very active in contributing to national development. However, this contribution has neither been recognized nor acknowledged by society, especially the decision makers who have mostly been men.

In Tanzania for example, during the struggle for independence in the 1950�s women did a lot in campaigning but during elections were rarely voted into parliamentary seats.

On the issue of education, parents and community at large preferred to educate boys more than girls. At family level decision making was done by the father and the rest of the members were just obeying.

After independence things changed a bit where few girls had access to school. However, subjects remained the same, gender stereotyped ones. As a result women�s roles were ignored due to lack of decision making within and outside their homes. Decision making on issues like reproductive health, family size and child spacing were not within their power.

The main cause of this discrimination of women is the wrong beliefs and customs through informal education. Stakeholders and leaders responsible for issues related to women development should sensitize and educate the people about equality. This can be done through training, employment and financial support for small business because when educating the women, the entire nation is educated.

Questions

(a)  Suggest a suitable title for the passage and give a rationale for your suggestion.

(b)  From the passage, why are women�s reproductive rights undermined?

(c)  From the passage, what is the root cause of the biasness against women?

(d)  Describe how women can be empowered according to the author.

(e)  In your opinion, what is meant by the statement that �to educate a woman, is to educate the entire nation.�

4. (a) Outline the effects of drug abuse by giving five points.

 (b) List down any five solutions to improper behaviours.

SECTION C (60 marks)

Answer three (3) questions from this section. Each question carries 20 marks.

5.  �Agriculture is an engine for the growth of the economy�. Analyse six strategies which can be used to improve production in agriculture.

6.  Examine any six problems facing the government in the provision of better health services to Tanzanians.

7.  There is almost unquestionable view that culture is dynamic. In the light of this statement, explain any five merits of cultural change to Tanzanians.

8.  �To a great extent, the road accidents in Tanzania are man made�. Justify this statement by giving five points.

9.  �Work and Development are two sides of the same coin�. Elaborate six importance of work.

10.  Despite an impressive human rights record, Tanzania still suffers from instances of human rights abuse. Use six points to validate this statement.