LEARNING HUB.TZ

BIOLOGY EXAMINATION FORM FOUR

TOPICAL EXAMINATIONS.

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

NAME………………………………………..CLASS………………………………………….……………TIME: 2¹/₂HRS

INSTRUCTIONS:-

1. This paper consists of sections A, B and C

2. Answer all questions

3. All answers must be written in the spaces provided

4. All writings should be in blue/black inks except for drawings that should be in pencils

SECTION A 20 MARKS

1. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS.

1. When it is said that seeds are viable it means:-

1. Have lost ability to germinate

2. They are dead

3. Cannot germinate

4. Do not have life

5. Have life

2. Dormancy in a seed it means

1. It has lost its life

2. It is completely dead

3. It is dry and half dead

4. It can germinate

5. It cannot geminate

3. In hypogeal germination cotyledons are:-

1. Brought above the soil surface

2. Pushed by hypocotyls over the soil

3. Left in the soil while the plumule come up- outside the soil

4. Shriveled and come above the soil

5. Shriveled as they lose food while they are brought above the soil surface

4. Under complete Dominancy a gene can:-

1. Express itself in homozygous condition

2. Express itself in both heterozygous and homozygous condition

3. Not express itself in heterozygous condition

4. Not express itself in homozygous condition

5. Express completely and only under heterozygous condition

5. At optimum temperature seed can germinate – as at that specific temperature:-

1. The endosperm cannot be digested by viable enzymes

2. The cotyledons are not having enough food

3. Enzymes are working better to allow for germination than any other temperature below it or above it.

4. Enzymes are denatured

5. Enzymes are destroyed.

6. Growth in plant apical, this means:

   1. It occurs the middle of the root b) It occurs at the middle of the stem

c) It occurs at all regions d) It occurs from the tips

7. The emerging shoot as the seed start to germinate is known as

   1. A new stem b) Stem c) Plumule d) Radicle

8. The hypogeal germination the cotyledons:-

   1. appear above the soil b) remains in the ground

c) are brought above the soil d) are slowly brought above the ground

(ix) It is a structure found in animal cells and it form spindle fibres that aids separation of chromosomes.

1. Centrioles

2. Chromatins

3. Spindle bodies

4. Ribosome

9. Log phase in terms of growth it means:-

1. Growth is go down a bit

2. Growth has stopped

3. Constant growth

4. Rapid growth

2. Question two is matching type question, select the best response from column b and write its letter besides the question item in the box below.

SECTION C. STRUCTURED QUESTIONS.

3. (a). Give the differences between the following items as used in growth by giving examples.

(i). Diffuse growth and allometric growth

(ii). Limited growth and unlimited growth

(b) (i). Draw the diagram of sigmoid growth curve, label the four significant phases

(ii). Briefly explain why during adolescence stage the rate of growth is rapid.

4. (a) Draw a well labeled diagram of apical meristem in the shoot

(b) Locate the region of much cell division

(c ) Explain the terminology “apical meristem” as used in he diagram in Q3(a) above.

(d) Why is it said that growth in plant is epical?

4. (a) Define growth in Animals

(b) Mention factors that affect growth in Animals

(c ) Explain the factors mentioned in Q4(b) above

4. (a) Mention six external factors that affect growth in plants

(b) How does two factors mentioned in Q5 (a) above affect growth in plants.

4. (a) What are the four stages of Human postnatal growth

(b) Describe six services required to meet the needs of children to grow healthy.

4. a) Differentiate growth in plants from animals.

b) Present growth in plant trees using graphical method.

4. Outline the two technical terminologies: (i) Mitosis (ii) Meiosis. Work out the differences of the two terminologies above in Q5.

5. Explain what would happen to arthropods like grasshoppers if there is hypo secretion of molting hormones.

6. Explain the relationship between mitosis and growth.

7. Explain how the following affect growth in plants

1. Light

2. Nutrients

3. Temperature

4. (a) Mention the terminology used to describe the growth curve in man

(b) Draw well labeled graph that is mentioned in Q.8 (a) above

4. Describe in length the four phases of growth in the curve drawn in Q8 (b) above.

LEARNING HUB.TZ

BIOLOGY EXAMINATION FORM FOUR

TOPICAL EXAMINATIONS.

GENETICS

NAME………………………………………..CLASS………………………………………….……………TIME: 2¹/₂HRS

INSTRUCTIONS:-

1. This paper consists of sections A, B and C

2. Answer all questions

3. All answers must be written in the spaces provided

4. All writings should be in blue/black inks except for drawings that should be in pencils

SECTION A.

1. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS.

1. Under complete Dominancy a gene can:-

1. Express itself in homozygous condition

2. Express itself in both heterozygous and homozygous condition

3. Not express itself in heterozygous condition

4. Not express itself in homozygous condition

5. Express completely and only under heterozygous condition

2. When it is said a DNA molecule can replicate it means:-

1. It can produce a copy of itself

2. It cannot produce a copy of itself

3. It can transform itself to an RNA molecule

4. It can change during reproduction

5. It cannot produce RNA molecule

3. The characteristics of organism and some of their behavior are determined chemically by structures known as:-

1. Ribosome’s

2. Genes

3. Nucleolus

4. Ribosomal membranes

5. Endoplasmic reticulum

4. Homozygous dominant it means the genotype will be represented with:-

1. A pair of genes that are not similar

2. A pair of genes that are both similar and written in small letters.

3. One capital letter and one small letter of different letters in the alphabet – not corresponding

4. A pair of genes written by using both capital letters of the alphabet

5. One capital letter only

5. Homozygous recessive genotype is written by using:-

1. One small letter only

2. A pair of genes written by using both capital letters of he same letter in the alphabet.

3. One capital letter and one small letter different letters in the alphabet – not corresponding.

4. A pair of genes that are not similar

5. A pair of genes that are written by small letters and should be similar letters.

6. The basic unit of DNA molecule is:-

1. Thymine

2. Pentose sugar

3. Phosphate

4. A nucleotide

5. A nitrogenous base

7. It is a structure found in animal cells and it form spindle fibres that aids separation of chromosomes.

1. Centrioles

2. Chromatins

3. Spindle bodies

4. Ribosome

5. Outer appearance of an organism is also known as:-

   1. Homozygous b) Phenotype c) Genotype d) Hetorzygous

6. The characteristics – trait of an organism and some of their behavior are determined chemically by structures known as:-

1. Ribosomes

2. Genes

3. Nucleolus

4. F₁

5. RNA

6. Homonzygeus recessive genotype is written by using:-

1. A pair of genes written using two different small letters

2. A pair of genes that are both capital letters notations

3. A pair of genes that are written by small letters and should be similar letters.

4. A pair of genes that are similar

5. Two different letters.

MATCHING ITEMS QUESTIONS.

2. Question two is a MATCHING items question select the correct response from column B and write its corresponding, item number in the boxes below.

COLUMN A	COLUMN B
Homozygous dominant genotype Heterozygous dominant genotype Outer appearance of an organism Represent a recessive gene Phenotype ratio of a monohybrid cross Genotype ratio of a monohybrid cross Symbol for the first filial generation Can increase mutation rate Sudden change of a gene in the gamete nucleus. Father of genetics	Phenotype Mendel F1 Dalton Newton 1:1 T Mutagen Mutation 1:2:2 Bb BB 1:2:1 3:1

SECTION C. STRUCTURED QUESTIONS.

3. (a) Distinguish the following technical Terminologies

1. Homozygous from heterozygous genotype

2. Genotype from phenotype

(b) Draw a well labeled diagram of RNA molecule

© What does the word nucleotide mean? Mention its constitution .

4. (a) Distinguish the following Terminologies

1. DNA from RNA

2. Dominant from recessive genotypes

3. Draw a well labeled diagram of a DNA molecule.

5. One family was quarreling due to a baby girl being an Albino while neither of the couple was an albino. The Father of the child was telling he mother that she was responsible for the child being an Albino.

By using Genetical diagrams that are well illustrated show how the two parents each was responsible for the albino daughter and not the mother only. Using Capital “A” as the dominant gene.

6. In Rosa alba plats red flower is controlled by an allele R whereas white flower is controlled by an allele W. in an experiment, red and white flowered Rosa alba plants were crossed and all F₁ plants produced had Pink flowers.

1. Explain why such an observation

2. When two of F₁ plants were self crossed, 1000 F₂ plants were produced. By the help of illustration show how many of F₂ plants will have (i) Red flowers (ii) Pink flowers and

(iii) White flowers.

7. (a) What is a gene?

(b) Describe the two terminologies

(i) Phenotype (ii) Genotype

8. (a) Draw a well labeled diagram of a DNA molecule.

(b) Write the long form of

(i) DNA (ii) RNA

(c ) (i) What is a nucleotide?

(ii) Write down two differences between DNA and RNA.

9. (a) Distinguish the following technical terminologies

1. Homozygous from Heterozygous genotypes

2. Genotype form phenotype

(b) Draw a well labeled diagram of an RNA molecule – show all nitrogenous bases chemically present.

10. (a) Write the long form of RNA molecule what is the function of RNA in the chemical process of synthesizing a Protein molecule?

(b) Distinguish the following scientific terminologies:-

1. DNA from RNA

2. Dominant form Resessive genes?

LEARNING HUB.TZ

BIOLOGY EXAMINATION FORM FOUR

TOPICAL EXAMINATIONS.

EVOLUTION

NAME………………………………………..CLASS………………………………………….……………TIME: 2¹/₂HRS

INSTRUCTIONS:-

1. This paper consists of sections A, B and C

2. Answer all questions

3. All answers must be written in the spaces provided

4. All writings should be in blue/black inks except for drawings that should be in pencils

SECTION A 20 MARKS

1. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS.

1. Structures with a common ancestral origin but with different functions are called

1. vestigial structures

2. analogous structures

3. homologous structures

4. rudimentary structures.

2. Which of the following statements about man is false?

1. Shows bipedalism

2. High intellectual capacity

3. Forelimbs are used for manipulation

4. Apposable toes

3. The emergence of new species from the pre-existing ones is known as

1. organic evolution

2. speciation

3. mutation

4. reproduction.

4. The theory of use and disuse was put forward by

1. Redi

2. Pasteur

3. Lamarck

4. Darwin

5. A group of organisms that freely interbreed to give rise to fertile offsprings is called

1. Family

2. Order

3. Genus

4. Species

6. What is the importance of evolution?

1. It brings about new species.

2. It brings about variation in organisms.

3. It brings changes that adapt the organisms to their environment.

4. It is always disadvantageous.

7. The concept of living organisms arising from non-living matter is called

1. Biogenesis

2. Abiogenesis

3. Evolution

4. Speciation.

8. The theory of special creation postulates that

1. Organisms emerged from non­living matter

2. Organisms arose from pre­existing forms

3. A supernatural being created the earth and all the living things

4. Life started after elements joined to form organic compounds.

9. The major objection to Lamarcks theory of use and disuse was

1. Disuse of an organ leads to its disappearance

2. Acquired traits are non-heritable

3. No organ is disused since all organs have specific functions

4. Mutations change the cause of evolution.

10. The ability of an animal to stand upright with its hind limbs is called

1. Pentadactyl

2. Bipedalism

3. Homology

4. Analogy

2. Matching items questions.

SECTION B. STRUCTURED QUESTIONS.

3. (a) What is divergent evolution?

2. State three ways in which the vertebrate Pentadactyl limb has evolved to suit different modes of life.

3. State three significant ways in which man differs from the rest of the primates.

4. (a) What is palaeontology?

(b) State three limitations of fossils
as evidence for evolution.

5. Outline the evolution theories proposed by the following scientists:

1. Lamarck

2. Darwin

(b) Why was Lamarcks theory disputed?

6. Use an example to explain how natural selection occurs.

7. (a) Give three examples of resistance to drugs or pesticides.

(b) How does this resistance occur?

7. (a) What is special creation? (b) Does special creation support evolution?

8. (a) Which is the molecule thought to have been a precursor to the reproductive ability of organisms?

9. Define the following terms

1. Evolution

2. Survival of the fittest

3. Struggle for existence

4. Divergent evolution

5. Survival for the fittest.

LEARNING HUB.TZ

BIOLOGY EXAMINATION FORM FOUR

TOPICAL EXAMINATIONS.

KINGDOM ANIMALIA

NAME………………………………………..CLASS………………………………………….……………TIME: 2¹/₂HRS

INSTRUCTIONS:-

1. This paper consists of sections A, B and C

2. Answer all questions

3. All answers must be written in the spaces provided

4. All writings should be in blue/black inks except for drawings that should be in pencils

SECTION A.

KINGDOM ANIMALIA.

1. The scientific name of any organism consists of two names, namely;

1. Phylum and Class

2. Class and Species

3. Order and Genus

4. Genus and Species

2. Which of the following is not a characteristic of Class Ayes?

1. Fertilization is external

2. Body is covered by feathers

3. Body has scales

4. Body is streamed

3. Which of the following groups of organisms belong to the same class?

1. Rat, elephant, whale and bat

2. Amoeba, plasmodium, hydra and snail

3. Crocodile, turtle, tilapia and shark

4. Grasshopper, mosquito, bee and spider

4. The practice of arranging organisms into groups to be used in classification is known as

1. taxonomy

2. classification

3. nomenclature

4. systematics.

5. Classification is largely based on

1. morphology

2. anatomy

3. similarity

4. differences.

6. Which of the following groups of organisms belong to the same class?

1. Rat, elephant, whale and bat

2. Amoeba, plasmodium, hydra and snail

3. Crocodile, turtle, tilapia and shark

4. Grasshopper, mosquito, bee and spider

7. Which of the following groups of animals are ectothermic?

A. Fish, man, frog, and crocodile

B. Dog, fish, alligator and frog

C. Bat, cow, bird and cat

D. Frog, Alligator, crocodile

viii) One of the following features is found in vertebrates, identify it.

1. A dorsal nerve cord

2. Four jointed limbs

3. A pair of lungs

4. A constant body temperature

8. Which of the following statements is correctly matched?

1. Dolphin - Flying mammal

2. Giraffe - Omnivorous mammal

3. Kangaroo - Placental mammal

4. Bat - Aquatic mammal

9. Which of the following is not a characteristic of Class Ayes?

1. Fertilization is external

2. Body is covered by feathers

3. Body has scales

4. Body is streamed

2. Matching items questions.

LIST A	LIST B
Most members have flat body The class of liver fluke Name given to digestive tract of nematodes Oligochaeta, polychaeta and hirudinea Members show ecdysis Segmented worms with two pairs of legs per segment Has three body parts and a pair of antennae Another name for bony fish All members have a notochord Members help to increase soil fertility	Chordata Platyhelminthesis Chondrichytheyes Osteichthyes Haemocoel Phylum arthropoda Members of arachnida Members of annelid Hirudinea Pseudocoel Class tubelaria Class trematoda Class insect Class crustacean Chilopoda Diplopoda.

SECTION B STRUCTURED QUESTIONS.

3. A group of animals have the following characteristics: three body parts, a pair of compound eyes, three pairs of walking legs and a pair of antennae.

1. Name the phylum and class to which the animals belong.

2. State the characteristics of the kingdom to which the animals belong.

3. What features make the organisms belong to that class?

4. Give two features which distinguish tapeworms from liver flukes.

5. (a) List four features that annelids and arthropods have in common.

(b) List two features found in arthropods but not in annelids.

6. How do the legs of:

1. a millipede differ from those of a centipede?

2. insects differ from those of arachnids?

7. (a) What is a notochord?

(b) Name the structure which takes over the notochord in a fully formed organism.

8. (a) Explain the difference between cartilaginous fish and bony fish.

b) what are economic importance of cartilaginious fish?

9. (a) Highlight two reasons for putting:

1. Hen in the class of Ayes

2. Whale in the class Mammalia

3. Mature lungfish in the Class Osteichthyes.

(b) State two characteristics, which are shared by both fish and amphibians.

(c) Write two similarities between a bird and a reptile.

10. The figure below shows a certain organism.

1. Write down the common name of the organisms above:

2. Write down the scientific name of organisms above.

3. What is the mode of feeding of the above organisms?

4. What is the importance of such mode of feeding to human being?

LEARNING HUB.TZ

BIOLOGY EXAMINATION FORM FOUR

TOPICAL EXAMINATIONS.

HIV/AIDS

NAME………………………………………..CLASS………………………………………….……………TIME: 2¹/₂HRS

INSTRUCTIONS:-

1. This paper consists of sections A, B and C

2. Answer all questions

3. All answers must be written in the spaces provided

4. All writings should be in blue/black inks except for drawings that should be in pencils

SECTION A.

1. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. The virus that causes AIDS is called?

1. HIV

2. Papovirus

3. Retrovirus

4. Opportunistic virus.

2. Which of the following is not transmitted by sexual contact?

1. HIV and AIDS

2. Malaria

3. Hepatitis B

4. Gonorrhoea

3. ……………is caused by virus

1. Trichonomiasis

2. Syphilis

3. Genital Herpes

4. Gonorrhoea

4. Caring of people living with HIV AIDS is important because;

1. It can cure AIDS

2. It gives the patient hope

3. The patients gets many vistors

4. It makes the patient depressed

5. Which is the best way to prevent hepatitis B?

1. Vaccination

2. Using mosquito nets

3. Eating a balanced diet

4. Not shaking hands with infected persons.

6. Genital herpes can cause all the following except?

1. Painful ulcers

2. Blindness

3. Death of babies born to infected mother

4. Reccurent fever

7. The second stage of HIV and AIDS……………..

1. Has flu-like symptoms

2. Is full-blown aids

3. Has no symptoms

4. Leads to syphilis

8. The following are symptoms of second stage of syphilis except

1. Painless sore on sex organs

2. Swollen lymph nodes

3. Joint pains

4. Fever

9. The best way to prevent oneself as a teenager from HIV infection is through;

1. Abstaining from sexual intercourse

2. Using condom when having sex.

3. Being faithful to one partner

4. Avoiding irresponsible sexual behavior.

10. Who should go for HIV/AIDS test?

1. People with many sexual partners

2. Pregnant mothers

3. People who suspect that they have been infected

4. Any person who is sexually active.

2. Matching items questions.

SECTION B.

3. A) write the long form of the following;

1. STI

2. STD

3. HIV

4. AIDS

b) explain how HIV weakens body immune system.

4. explain the following stages of HIV Progression

i) window stage

ii) asymptomatic stage

iii) symptomatic stage

5. Full-blown Aids

4. Complete the table below by writing the causative agent of the following;

   Disease	Causative agent
   Syphilis Trichonomiasis Candidiasis Genital herpes Chlamydia Hepatitis B Gonorrhoea

5. Briefly explain how the following risky behaviours can contribute to HIV/AIDS infection.

1. Promiscuous sexual intercourse

2. Drug use and abuse

3. Sharing cutting and piercing objects

4. Intake of alcohol

5. Going clubbing.

6. Briefly describe the main ways in which HIV/AIDS is transmitted from one person to another

7. Explain how the spread of HIV/AIDS can be prevented and controlled.

8. In what ways are people living with HIV/ AIDS being stigmatized in society?

9. Mention the ways in which you can take take care of people living with HIV/AIDs.

10. Explain the procedure of carrying out guiding and counseling to people with HIV/AIDS