THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL OF TANZANIA CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION EXAMINATION

 HISTORY

(For Both School and Private Candidates)

Time: 3 Hours Year: 2008

SECTION A

1. For each of the items (i) — (x) choose the correct answer among the given alternatives and write its letter beside the item number.

(i)Human activities against nature and production relations are fully understood through the study of:

A.Archeology

B.Literature

C.History

D.Museums 

E. Archives

(ii)Man started to be skillful and tool maker at the stage of:

A.Homo Sapiens

B.Homo Erectus

C.Homo habilis

D.Modern apes

E. Zinjanthropus

(iii)The growth and expansion of Songhai Empire was a result of:

A.geographical position and Equatorial favourable climate

B.expansion of Gao Empire through conquering neighbouring states

C.the emergence of Mansa Musa as a strong leader

D.development of iron technology

E.development of Triangular trade

(iv)The growth and expansion of Ethiopia Empire started from the 4^th century under the reign of:

A.King Menelik Il

B.King Solomoni

C.King Theodore

D.King Ezana

E.King Haille Selassie

(v)During colonial period, provision of social services was not given priority to Africans because:

A.Arabs and Portuguese had provided social services before colonialism.

B.Africans refused modernity. 

C. Africans had all social services.

D. social services were part of profit to European capitalists. 

E. social services were not part of profit to European capitalists.

(vi)Which of the following sectors of colonial economy favoured Europeans and Asians in Africa during colonial period? 

A. Education, health, water, housing and roads.

B.Agriculture, mining, financial institutions, transport and commerce.

C.Agricultural schemes, labour bureaus and trade. 

D. Industry, communication, harbours and banks.

E. Transportation, health, mining, electricity and water services.

(vii)Some areas in Africa experienced more intensive scramble than others in the 19 ^th century because they:

A.had no active Africans to resist colonialism. 

B. were still far behind in development. 

C. were good for hunting and gathering fruits.

D.had Mediterranean climate favourable for Europeans.

E.were economically strategic.

(viii)Independent African states made attempt to increase food crops along cash crops of which Tanzania expressed the policy of:

A.Ujamaa villages

B.Musoma villages

C.Iringa resolution

D.Arusha declaration

E.Zanzibar resolution

(ix)The British exercised direct rule policy in some parts of Zimbabwe because:

A.It was expensive to administer.

B.The natives and traditional chiefs opposed colonial rule. 

C. Zimbabwe was dominated by centralized states. 

D. Zimbabwe had enough experienced personnel.

E. The British were afraid of eliminating the local administrative set up.

(x)The Jihad war in East Africa under Othman dan Fodio, Alhaj Omar and Ahmed Seku resulted into:

A.Formation of big empires like Mandinka and the Sokoto Caliphate

B.Formation of big empires like Mali and Songhai

C.Creation of small political entities 

D. Formation of the state of Nigeria

E. Disintegration of weaker states at the coast of West Africa.

2. Match the items in Column I with the corresponding historical events in Column Il by writing the letter of the correct event beside the number of the item.

SECTION B

3.(a) Draw a sketch map showing the Trans-Saharan trade routes of Western Sudanic states and indicate the major trade routes with trading centres of Sijilmasa, Taghaza, Timbuktu, Tripoli and Ghat.

(b) Mention five (5) trade items involved in the Trans-Saharan trade.

4.(a) One of the following statements is not historically correct. Choose it and write its letter beside the item number.

(i) A. The current East African Community dates its historical roots of the British intentions after the Second World War.

B.Britain was interested in Uganda because it was situated at the head of the Nile waters.

C.The presence of Makerere University formed a part of regional intellectual elite in East Africa. 

D. Uganda is accessible to sea ways

E. In Kenya the Nairobi University forms intellectual elite.

(i) A. By AD 1000 Iron technology began to appear widely in East Africa 

B. Iron technology revolutionized agriculture

C.Iron Age replaced Stone Age.

D.Hunting and gathering societies did not use iron tools until AD 2000

E.The Nok, Axum and Meroe became famous areas for iron smelting.

(iii) A. Iron tools contributed to the economic specialization.

B.Iron tools increased military operations and expansion of states by the 19^th century.

C.The invention of fire had nothing to do with protection of man against wild animals.

D.With fire and iron tools, man was able to clear large forests for farming.

E.Some of the tools made from the invention of iron were spears, hoes and axes.

(iv) A. The Berlin Conference of 1844/85 was attended by Ethiopian representatives.

B.Chancellor Otto Von Bismarck chaired the Berlin Conference of 1884/85.

C.The resolutions of Berlin Conference were collectively a statement to colonize Africa.

D.One-sided treaties made by explorers in Africa helped the conference to identify areas of exploitation.

E. USA attended the Berlin Conference as an observer.

(v) A. Africa had its own political organizations before the coming of the colonialists.

B.Technologically, African societies had small scale industries before the 19^th century.

C.Many African societies had education systems which were transferred by elders from one generation to another by the 16^th century.

D.Without colonial intervention, Africa would have no history.

E.In initiation Africans had their own instructors for the youth.

(b) There are five (5) mixed historical events. Arrange them in chronological order starting from the first to the last.

(i) Dr. David Livingstone opened up Africa to Britain through his first and second journeys to Africa.

(ii) Sultan Seyyid Said shifted his capital from Oman to Zanzibar during the first half of the nineteenth century.

(iii) Captain Vasco Da Gama encouraged the Portuguese to exploit Africa after his voyage.

(iv)German Carl Peters signed a one-sided treaty with chief Mangungo of Msovero.

(v) Henry Morton Stanley found Dr. David Livingstone at Ujiji to assure the British Empire that its eye-opener was still collecting data for imperialists.

SECTION C

5.Discuss the role played by the nationalist parties in the struggle for independence in Africa.

6.With concrete examples from Tanzania assess the factors that made independent African states change their social, political and economic outlook a few years after independence.

7.Show how the Portuguese disrupted the development of trade in the Indian Ocean up to the 17^th century.

8.The Maji — Maji war of 1905 - 1907 in Tanganyika remains a symbol of the African struggle against colonial rule. Justify.

9.Analyze the problems which faced Uganda during the nationalistic struggles.

10.Assess the major changes in man's way of life during the late Stone Age in Africa.