FORM FOUR BIOLOGY NECTA 2004

THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL OF TANZANIA CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION EXAMINATION

BIOLOGY

(For Both School and Private Candidates)

Time: 3 Hours Year: 2004

SECTION A

1. For each of the items (i) — (x) choose the correct answers from among the given alternatives and write its letter beside the item number.

(i) Cell walls:

  1. give rigidity to plant and animal cells
  2. are made up of a layer of pectin
  3. are composed mainly of cellulose 
  4. are a product of middle lamella 
  5. surround all types of cells.
Choose Answer :


(ii) Green plants are known as producers because they:

  1. produce chlorophyll in chloroplasts
  2. produce green leaves
  3. contain fruits and seeds
  4. grow in fertile soil
  5. make food from simple stibstances
Choose Answer :


(iii)The Figure below represents:

Fig. 1
  1. cardiac muscle
  2. skeletal muscle 
  3. involuntary muscle
  4. mycelium
  5. nervous tissue
Choose Answer :


(iv) A human ovary produces ova and the following hormones:

  1. Oestrogen and testosterone 
  2. Progesterone and testosterone
  3. Follicle stimulating hormone (F.S.H) and progesterone.
  4. Oestrogen and progesterone 
  5. F.S.H and Oestrogen.
Choose Answer :


(v)The following is a list of diseases caused by bacteria:

  1. Pneumonia, elephantiasis, cholera
  2. Pneumonia, malaria, cholera 
  3. Bilharzias, cholera, pneumonia 
  4. Tuberculosis, pneumonia, small pox
  5. Tuberculosis, pneumonia, cholera
Choose Answer :


(vi)Which of the following parts of the germinating seed is an embryonic shoot?

  1. Hypocotyls 
  2. Radical
  3. Plumule 
  4. Cotyledon
  5. Endosperm
Choose Answer :


(vii) A biologist discovered a new cell in a culture. The new cell had a distinct cell wall but it did not have a definite nucleus. The cell is most likely to be:

  1. Fungi
  2. Prokaryote 
  3. Protozoa 
  4. Virus 
  5. Eukaryote
Choose Answer :


(viii)Oxygen debt occurs when:

  1. Too much carbon dioxide is present in the body. 
  2. The rate of respiration exceeds that of photosynthesis in green plants.
  3. Alcohol is formed in tissues. 
  4. There is insufficient oxygen in the muscle tissues during strenuous exercise. 
  5. There is insufficient lactic acid in muscle tissues.
Choose Answer :


(ix) If the magnifying power of the eyepiece lens of the compound microscope is x10 and that of the high power objective lens is x40, what is the magnification of a specimen under observation?

  1. x10
  2. x400
  3. x50
  4. x40
  5. x5000
Choose Answer :


(x) What type of germination is presented by the figure below?


  1. Epigeal
  2. Hypogeal
  3. Tap-root
  4. Hypocotyl
  5. Apical
Choose Answer :


2. Match the responses in LIST B with the words/phrases in LIST A by writing the letter of the correct response beside the item number.

LIST A LIST B

(i)The pressure of the cell contents against the cell wall

(ii)Air sacs for gaseous exchange in mammals

(iii)Antagonistic muscles in a mammal's arm

(iv)Responsible for thought, memory, intelligence and judgment

(v)Involuntary muscle

(vi)Spouse inheritance

(vii)Amplify sound waves

(viii)Hair-like structures of moss that

absorb water and nutrients

(ix)Passage of urine from kidney to bladder

(x)Plays part in growth and asexual reproduction

  1. Biceps and triceps
  2. Cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle
  3. Cerebrum
  4. Cerebellum
  5. Mitosis
  6. Meiosis
  7. Responsible behaviour
  8. Risky behaviour
  9. Urethra
  10. Ureter
  11. Rhizoids
  12. Roots
  13. Auditory canal
  14. Ossicles
  15. Skeletal muscle
  16. Smooth muscle
  17. Turgor pressure
  18. Wall pressure
  19. Alveoli
  20. Villi
View Ans


SECTION B

3.(a) State four (4) precautions fdr proper use of a microscope.

(b) Differentiate a test experiment from a control experiment.

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4.(a) (i) Name three (3) main parts of the cell.

(ii) Describe the structure of the parts named in 4 (a) (i) above and state the function(s) of each in the cell.

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(b) How does a reflex action differ from tropism?

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5.(a) (i) List the advantages of placental development for a developing foetus.

(ii) Explain why meiosis is needed in the life cycle of sexually reproducing organisms.

(b) What is the difference between alveolus and villus?

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6.(a) What is the effect of:

(i)Farming alongside a dam?

(ii)Spilling oil into a dam?

(iii)Using nets with small mesh size in fishing?

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(b) Outline four (4) ways of preventing soil erosion.

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7.Study the diagram below which shows a part of the human urineferous tubule then answer the questions that follow.

Fig. 3

(a) (i) Name the parts labelled A, B, and D.

(ii) What is the name given to the fluid labelled C?

(iii) Name two (2) components of blood that will not diffuse into the part labelled C.

(iv) Name a nitrogenous waste which is present in urine but absent in the part labelled B.

(b)List the processes involved in urine formation.

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8.(a) (i) Differentiate lymphocytes from phagocytes. (ii) State the functions of blood plasma.

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(b)(i) List the factors that increase blood pressure.

(ii) Why is a person with blood group AB not always considered as a universal recipient?

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9.State three (3) consequences of each of the following:

(a) STDs infections

(b)Early pregnancies

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10. (a) State the significance of each of the following in organisms:

(i) Mitosis

(ii) Meiosis

(b) Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis.

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SECTION C

11. If recycling of nutrients does not take place, the nutrients will not be available and the ecosystem will be disrupted. Give an account on Carbon cycle and show how it contributes to recycling of materials in nature.

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12. (a) Write an essay on cholera using the following guidelines:Cause

(b) Symptoms

(c) Transmission

(d) Effects

(e) Prevention

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13(a). Define the following:

(i) Phenotype

(ii) Recessive

(iii) Heterozygous

(b) Study the pedigree below and then answer the questions that follow:

Open figures indicate normal phenotype; black figures indicate colour blind individuals.

(i) What is the probable genotype of 1 ?

(ii) Is the answer to above 100% certain? Explain

(iii)What is the genotype of 5 and 9?

(iv)Justify your answer in (iii) above.

(v) If 3 marries a normal man, what are the chances that she will have a colour blind son? Illustrate your answer.

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