(ii) The known common types of microscopes are:

1. Light and technical microscope
2. Light and electricity microscope
3. Light and electron microscope
4. Electrical and light microscope

(iii)  Which First Aid is provided to a victim of hiccup?

1. Wash the victims mouth to remove food remains.
2. Hold victims breathe to increase carbodioxide in the blood.
3. Take a deep breath in victims mouth to increase oxygen.
4. Ask a person to go to hospital immediately.

(iv)  Which of the following are communicable diseases?

1. Gonorrhoea, sickle cell anemia, bilharzia.
2. Typhoid, cholera, tuberculosis.
3. AIDS, cholera, anemia.
4. Influenza, pellagra, cholera.

(v)  The neuron found in human being is an example of:

1.  a tissue 
2. a cell
3. an organ
4. . a system

(vi)  Which method is advised for disposing hazardous materials?

1. Use of landfill
2.  Make pit latrine
3.  Use an incinerator 
4. Recycling

(vii)  Organisms which move by means of flagella include:

1.  Paramecium and euglena
2. Euglena and bacteria
3. Bacteria and amoeba
4. Amoeba and plasmodium

(viii)  A causative agent of blood pressure in human beings is

1. over consumption of fatty food
2. drinking plenty of water
3. drinking juice
4. food poisoning

(ix)  The structures on the wall of the ileum responsible for absorption of digested food are called:

1. alveoli 
2. Villi
3. mesophyll 
4.  epiglottis

(x)  Aerobic respiration takes place in the presence of:

1.  water 
2. carbonidoxide 
3. oxygen 
4.  hydrogen

2.                       Write TRUE if the statement is correct of FALSE if the statement is not correct.

(i)       A microscope is not a very important equipment in the biology laboratory .

(ii)      Plant cell has irregular shape while animal cell has regular shape .........

(iii)    It is safe to touch body fluid with bare hands when giving First Aid ... ... ... (iv) Zoology is the study of animals ..

(v)      The conditions necessary for photosynthesis are presence of carbondioxide and oxygen... ... ...

(vi)     Absorption of digested food takes place in the eosophagus ....

(vii)   Gaseous exchange in plants takes place through the gills .

(viii)Recycling means turning waste material into useful products

(ix)    A cell is a group of organisms performing the same function .........

(x)      Biology is the study of living things ... ... ...

3.                       Match the responses in List B with the phrases in List A by writing the letter of the correct response from List B below the item number of List A in the table provided.

4.    Define the term "Biology" and "Biologist".

(b)       Mention major branches of Biology.

(c) Briefly explain how Biology is related to the following fields:

(i)         Agriculture

(ii)       Medicine

5.  (a) State two characteristics of the Kingdom Fungi

(b)       Figure I represents an organism which feeds on dead organic matter. Study the diagram carefully then answer the questions that follow:

 Figure I

(i)         What is the name of the organism in Figure 1?

(ii)       Name the parts labelled with letters A, B and C.

 (c) Mention the Phylum in which the organism in "Figure 1" belongs.

6.  What do you understand by the term "Puberty"? (b) Mention four requirements of personal hygiene.

(c) State two ways of maintaining personal hygiene during puberty.

7. (a) What do you understand by the following terms as used in Biology? (i) Transportation of materials

(ii) Mass flow

(b)       Explain what would happen when a plant cell is immersed in hypertonic solution.

(c)       State one function of each of the following blood vessels:

(i)         Pulmonary vein

(ii)       Pulmonary artery

8.  Define the term "natural environmen€ as used in Biology.

(b) List six components of the food chain and food web.

(c) (i) Give one example of the biotic component of the environment. (ii) Give one example of abiotic component of the environment.

SECTION C

9.         Explain the causes, symptoms and control/prevention measures of asthma in the respiratory system.

10.     Elaborate any three traditional and three modern methods used in food processing, preservation and storage.

i) In Biology experiments are used to test:

(ii)The basic importance of all laboratory rules is to:

1. avoid dirt in the laboratory
2. prevent students from entering the laboratory
3. reduce accidents in the laboratory
4. reduce the use of chemicals in the laboratory

(iii)  A victim of electric shock can be saved from danger of death by giving one of the following First Aid:

1. pouring a lot of water over the victim
2. pulling the victim away by hands
3. removing the victim from the current by using a metallic object 
4.  turning off the source of electricity

(iv)  Which of the following are communicable diseases?

1. Cancer, gonorrhoea and syphilis
2. Cholera, gonorrhoea and syphilis
3. Cholera, kwashiorkor and marasmus
4. Cholera, marasmus and rickets

(v)  Which component of the blood is responsible for transporting oxygen?

1. Albumin 
2.  Fibrinogen 
3.  Haemoglobin
4. Thrombocyte 

(vi)  The whole process of taking in food, digesting it to provide energy for living and material for growth is known as:

1.  catabolism 
2. metabolism
3. nutrition
4. respiration

(vii)  The ability of the human body to resist infection by disease- causi micro-organisms is known as:

1.  immunity 
2. innoculation
3. medication 
4.  vaccination

(viii)  A group of interdependent organisms living in an environment is call

1. community 
2.  ecology
3.  ecosystem 
4.  population

(ix)  Which of the following mammalian blood vessels contains blood full oxygen at low pressure?

1. Aorta 
2. Pulmonary artery 
3.  Pulmonary vein 
4.  Vena cava

(x)  A person who takes too much carbohydrates and lipids develops:

1. giantism
2. kwashiorkor
3. C. marasmus 
4.  obesity

2.         Each of the following statement is either correct or not correct. Write TRUE if the statement is correct or FALSE if the statement is not correct.

(i)         All bacteria are harmful. ........

(ii)        A person with blood AB has no antigen ... ... ...

(iii)      Breathing into a plastic bag stops hiccups . 

(iv)      Lack of roughage in the diet causes constipation ......... (v) People living with HIV/AIDS should be stigmatized ..... 

(vi)      Plant cells possess cell membranes .........

(vii)    Phloem tissues are responsible for the transport of water in vascular plants . 

(viii)  The ileum is the first part of the small intestine .. 

(ix)      The largest group in the classification system is phylum .. 

(x)        Transpiration helps to remove excess water from plants 

3.         Match the item in list A with the correct item in list B by writing its letter below the number of the corresponding item in list A in the table provided.

SECTION B

4.  (a) What is classification?

(b) List four advantages of fungi.

   (c) Outline two disadvantages of fungi.

5.   (i) What do you understand by the term "laboratory"? (ii) Outline four qualities of a good laboratory.

(b)      Mention one function of each of the following apparati:

(i)        Petri dish

(ii)      Mortar and pestle

(iii)    Hand lens

(iv)     Thermometer

6.   The diagram below represents the different trophic levels in the ecosystem. Study it and answer the questions that follow.

(a) Mention a trophic level represented by each letter in the diagram. 

(b) Why do the trophic levels form a pyramid shape?

(c) State the role of the organisms in the trophic level represented by the letter E in the diagram.

7.   (a) Define each of the following terms:

(i)       Gaseous exchange

(ii)      Respiration

(b)      Name the respiratory surface for each ofthe following organisms: (i) Insect

(ii)      Mammal

(iii)    Fish

(iv)    Spider

(c) Give a reason for each of the following characteristics of respiratory surfaces:

(i)        Have thin walls

(ii)      Have large surface area

8.   (a) What is meant by the term "agent of disease"?

(b)      Name the agent for each of the following diseases:

(i)        Common cold

(ii)      Cholera

(iii)    Dysentry

(iv)     Bilharzia

9. Use the following guidelines to explain how you will teach people in your community about eating a balanced diet:

•  meaning of a balanced diet
• components of a balanced diet 
• importance of each component 
• deficiency diseases which may result when a person does not eat a balanced diet 
• two factors which contribute to lack of balanced diet among children in Tanzania.

10.  "KEEP THE ENVIRONMENT CLEAN". This slogan emphasizes on maintaining the cleanliness of surroundings of the community through proper waste disposal. Write an essay on the above using the following guidelines:

•  meaning of waste 
•  meaning of waste disposal 
•  types of wastes
• proper ways of disposing waste 
•  effects of poor waste disposal

(i)  Which of the following will be a step to follow in a scientific procedure after formulating a hypothesis?

1. Conclusion 
2.  Experimentation
3.  Observation 
4. Problem identification

(ii)  The best evidence that two organisms belong to the same species is that they:

1. can breed with other organisms which are not of their kind
2. live in the same habitat and have similar ways of nutrition
3. produce fertile off-springs when interbred under natural conditions
4. produce infertile off-springs when interbred.

(iii)  Mr. Mabala picked up a telephone after hearing it ringing. Which characteristics of living things was Mr. Mabala showing by these actions?

1. Growth and respiration
2. Irritability and movement
3. Irritability and respiration
4. Locomotion and movement

(iv) Food sample turned blue-black when mixed with iodine solution. This concludes that the sample contained:

1. fat
2. protein
3. reducing sugar
4. starch

(v) Which of the following is NOT transported by blood plasma?

1.  Carbon dioxide 
2. Faeces
3. Hormones
4. Nutrients

vi) Osmosis differs from diffusion because:

1. diffusion involves expenditure of energy
2. diffusion occurs across a semi-permeable membrane
3. osmosis involves expenditure of energy
4.   osmosis occurs across a semi-permeable membrane

(vii)  One of the following diseases is non-communicable:

1. cholera
2. kwashiorkor
3. malaria
4. tuberculosis

(viii) Effective ways of reducing waste are displayed in each of the following except:

1. buying new plastic bags every time we go for shopping
2. carrying woven basket when we go for shopping
3. selling used aluminium tin and other metals to factories
4. using waste paper to make tissue papers

(ix)  Absorption of food takes place in the:

1. large intestine
2. liver
3. small intestine 
4.  stomach

(x)  A gaseous exchange in plants does not take place in the:

1. flowers
2. leaves
3. roots
4. stems

2.         The following statements are either correct or not correct. Write TRUE if the statement is correct or FALSE if the statement is not correct.

          (i)    A cell is the basic functional unit of life . 

(ii)     A victim of an electric shock should be moved by using a metallic object

(iii)   Individuals with blood group AB are called universal recipients ......... 

(iv) Malaria is a pandemic disease .........

(v) Manual labourers require more energy than sedentary workers ......... 

(vi) Oxygen gas is not important for plant life .......

(vii) Sexually Transmitted Diseases can be treated using painkillers ......... 

(viii)The best way to dispose clinical syringes is by recycling .........

(ix)    The sporophyte of a fern plant has true roots, stems and leaves .........

(x)      The use of unsterilized surgical and skin piercing tools can lead to HIV/ AIDS transmission .........

3.          Match the item in List A with the correct item in List B by writing its letter below the corresponding item number in List A in the table provided.

SECTION B

4.         (a) What is the difference between natural and artificial classifications?

(b)     Explain why the artificial system of classification is not good.

 (c)  Mention two disadvantages of bacteria.

5.         (a) Describe the procedures of giving First Aid to a victim of a snake bite.

(b)     Give a reason as to why it is necessary to put on gloves when giving first Aid to a bleeding person.

(c)      (i) What is cell differentiation?

(ii) Briefly explain the importance of cell differentiation.

6.         (a) What are the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respirations?

(b)     A Form Il student has the following symptoms: Sneezing and a runny nose caused by excessive production of mucus in the nasal passages.

(i)       Which disease of the respiratory system is the student suffering from?

(ii)      Give the name of the organism which causes the disease you have mentioned in part (i) above.

(iii)    How can you prevent the spread of the disease?

7.         (a) Define the following terms:

(i)        Ecosystem

(ii)      Food chain

(b)     Explain the role of each of the following organisms in the ecosystem:

(i)       Producers

(ii)      Decomposers

(c)      Explain the significance of food chains.

8.         (a) Define the term "Transpiration".

(b)     Briefly explain two environmental factors that affect the rate of transpiration.

(c)      Explain the significance of transpiration in plants.

SECTION C

9.         Write an essay on body immunity using the following guidelines:  

•  meaning
• types
• factors affecting body immunity

10.     Write an essay on personal hygiene using the following guidelines:

• meaning
•  principles
• importance

(i) An experiment usually tests:

1. application
2. evaluation
3.  hypothesis 
4.  problem identified

(ii)  Animals show irritability; this means they:

1. always move
2. are capable of growing
3. reproduce
4. respond to stimuli

(iii)  The movement of substances in and out of the cell is controlled by:

1. cell membrane 
2.  cell wall 
3. cytoplasm 
4.  vacuole

(iv)  The ability of the human body to resist infections caused by micro organisms is known as:

1. immunity 
2.  inoculation
3.  treatment 
4.  vaccination

(v)  Muscle fatigue in the body is caused by:

1. lack of carbon dioxide 
2. lack of lactic acid 
3.  lack of oxygen 
4.  pyruvic acid

(vi)  One of the following is not a risky behaviour:

1.  accepting favours and gifts from people of the opposite sex
2. having many sexual partners
3. keeping good company and avoiding immoral friends
4. using drugs such as bhang and cocaine

(vii)  The main product of photosynthesis is transported away from the

leaves by the:

1. Cambium
2. cortex
3. phloem
4. xylem

(viii)Rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults are conditions caused bv lack of:

1. vitamin A 
2.  vitamin B
3. vitamin C
4. vitamin D

(ix)  A person with blood group O has the following antibodies in his blood plasma:

1. antibody a
2. antibodies a and b
3. antibody b
4. . antibody o

(x)  Which of the following is not a member of kingdom fungi?

1. Euglena 
2.  Mucor
3. . Mushroom 
4.  Yeast

2.         The following statements are either correct or not correct. Write TRUE if the statement is correct of FALSE if the statement is not correct.

(i)        A group ofinterdependent organisms living in an environment is called a community . 

(ii)       A person with blood AB is a universal donor .........

(iii)     Animal cells have no chloroplasts .........

(iv)     Before the blood returns to the heart it has to be oxygenated in the liver

(v)       Green plants are decomposers .........

(vi)     Maintaining personal hygiene reduces the risk of infection .........

(vii)   Malaria is transmitted by a plasmodium 

(viii) Proteins in the diet are needed for growth and repair .........

(ix)     Transpiration is not a necessary process to plants . 

(x)       Valves in veins prevent the backflow of blood . 

3.         Match the item in list A with the correct item in list B by writing its letter below the number of item in list A in the table provided.

SECTION B

4.  Define the following terms:

(i)       Classification

(ii)      Binomial nomenclature

5.    (a) What is blood circulation?

(b)      Explain three points on the importance of blood circulation in human being.

(c) Mention two disorders of human blood circulatory system.

6.  (a) What do you understand by the term "diffusion"?

(b)      Name two structures concerned with gaseous exchange in plants. (c) Explain the importance of gaseous exchange in plants.

7.    (a) What is natural environment?

(b)      Explain the importance of the natural environment.

(c)    Explain two significances of food chains and food webs in real life situation.

8.  (a) Outline four reasons why it is important to study Biology.

(b)      What is respiration?

(c) Differentiate between aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

SECTION C

9.        Write an essay on kwashiorkor using the following guidelines:  

• meaning  
• cause  
• symptoms  
• effects  
• prevention and control

10.    Write an essay on tuberculosis using the following guidelines:  

• cause 
•  transmission 
• signs/symptoms  
• effects  
• prevention and control

1. base
2. eyepiece
3. iris diaphragm 
4.  mirror 
5. stage

(ii)  The basic importance of all laboratory rules is to:

1. avoid dirt in the laboratory
2. make students admire the laboratory
3. prevent students from entering the laboratory
4. reduce or stop accidents in the laboratory
5. reduce the use of chemicals in the laboratory

(iii)  In which of the following mammalian blood vessel does deoxygenated blood flow away from the heart?

1.   Aorta
2. Hepatic portal vein 
3.  Pulmonary artery
4.  Pulmonary vein 
5. Vena cava

(iv)  Body immunity which develops after infection and remains in the body permanently is known as:

1. artificial active immunity
2. artificial active immunization
3. artificial passive immunity
4.   natural active immunity
5. natural passive immunity

(v)  The following is a list of diseases which are caused by bacteria:

1. Beriberi, gonorrhoea and syphilis
2. Bilharzia, cholera and small pox
3. Cholera, malaria and pneumonia
4. Cholera, tuberculosis and typhoid
5. Diabetes, malaria and tetanus

(vi)  Mariam is able to donate blood to any other blood group. Therefore, Mariam has blood group:

1. A
2.  AB 
3. . A and B
4.  E. 
5. O

(vii)  Deficiency of one of the following in the diet can cause anaemia:

1. calcium
2. iodine
3. iron
4. phosphorus E. sodium

(viii)ln a food chain organisms with similar nutritional habits constitute a:

1. biosphere
2.  community
3. food web
4. population
5.   trophic level

(ix)  Which of the following distinguish a plant cell from an animal cell?

1. Cell membrane, centriole and cytoplasm
2. Cell wall, chloroplast and vacuole
3. Cell wall, chloroplast and cytoplasm
4. Cytoplasm, mitochondria and nucleus
5. Cytoplasm, nucleus and plasma membrane

(x)Which one of the following sets of enzymes is responsible for protein digestion?

1. Amylase and maltase
2. Amylase and rennin
3. Maltase and Pepsin
4. Maltase and lipase
5.   Pepsin and rennin

2.         The following statements are either correct or not correct. Write T if the statement is correct or F if the statement is not correct in the space provided. (i) A brick red precipitate is formed when a bean seed extract is boiled with iodine. .........

(ii)       Artificial classification is based on few observable features. .......

(iii)     Air, water and soil are examples of abiotic components of the environment. .........

(iv)      A structure which prevents the entrance of food and water into the trachea is called villus. .........

(v)       Fermentation is a form of aerobic respiration in plants. . 

(vi)  Heart, liver and leaves are examples of organs. .........

(vii)    Hugging and holding hands leads to HIV transmission. .........

(viii)  Mosses and liverworts have true roots, stems and leaves .........

(ix)      The process of sorting living things into groups is called classification.

(x)       Tuberculosis is a communicable disease. .. 

3.         Match the phrase or term in List A with that in List B by writing its letter against the number of the item in List A.

LIST A

(i) Ability of the body to resist disease.

(ii)       A protein deficiency disease found in children.

(iii)     Is a common disorder of the human digestive system.

(iv)      Is an epidemic disease.

(v)  Is caused by flatworms called schistosomes. (vi)  Is caused by lack of vitamin D.

(vii)    It results from taking too little or too much food.

(viii)  Locomotory structures of amoeba.

(ix)      Series of investigation intended to discover certain facts.

(x)       Services rendered to an accident victim before being taken to hospital.

4. (a) What is a microscope?

(b) Draw a light microscope and label the following parts: eyepiece, coarse adjustment, objectives, stage and mirror.

(c) What is the function of:

(i) Microscope slide? (ii) Mirror?

5. (a) Bread was put in a wet cupboard; after a few days the bread was covered by thread-like structures which ended in club-shaped structures.

(i) Write the common name of the organisms grown on the bread. 

(ii) Name the kingdom to which the organisms belong.

(iii)    Name the phylum/division to which the organisms belong.

(iv)    Outline five points of economic importance of the kingdom you mentioned in part (a) (ii) above.

(b) (i) What do you understand by the term respiration?

(ii) Briefly describe three factors that affect the rate of respiration in organisms.

6.   (a) Explain the uses of the following First Aid kit components:

(i)       Scissors

(ii)      Gauze

(iii)    Adhesive plaster

(iv)    Iodine tincture

(b)      Outline the procedure of giving First Aid to a victim of nose bleeding.  Explain the importance of giving First Aid.

7.         (a) Define the term "blood transfusion".

(b)      Outline the precautions to be taken during blood transfusion.

(c) Explain why the wall of the left ventricle of the mammalian heart is thicker than the wall of the right ventricle.

8.         (a) What is a community?

(b)      (i) Distinguish a food chain from a food web.

(ii) Explain the significance of food chains and food webs in real life situation.

(c)      Outline three points of importance of care and support to People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA).

SECTION C

9.       Write an essay on malaria using the following guidelines:

• Cause
• Transmission
• Symptoms 
• Effect
• Preventive measures

OR

10. Write an essay on transpiration, using the following guidelines: 

•             Meaning of transpiration
•           External factors affecting the rate of transpiration 
•          Advantages of transpiration in plants
•          Disadvantages of transpiration in plants.